基于SAPSO-GA算法的高速曲轴随动数控磨床几何误差辨识方法

以某型数控曲轴磨床作为研究对象,对其结构和运动进行分析,推导出曲轴磨削时理想的砂轮轨迹方程。根据多体系统理论建立含有误差参数的模型,并推导出机床-工件和机床-刀具的运动链位置矩阵,得出机床精密加工的约束方程。对磨床的几何误差进行研究,建立几何误差模型。为快速、准确辨识出各项几何误差,提出一种混合SAPSO-GA算法。通过对比球杆仪测量补偿前后的运动轨迹,分析补偿效果。结果表明:所提方法提高了辨识准确性,通过补偿大大提高了曲轴随动磨床的加工精度。

Geometric Error Identification Method of High speed Crankshaft Servo CNC Grinder Based on SAPSO-GA Algorithm

Taking a certain type of CNC crankshaft grinder as the research object, the structure and motion of the grinder were analyzed, and the ideal wheel trajectory equation for crankshaft grinding was derived. According to the multi body system theory, a model containing error parameters was established, the kinematic chain position matrix of the machine workpiece and the machine tool were established, and the constraint equations of the precision machining of the machine were obtained. The geometric error of the grinding machine was studied, and a geometric error model was established. In order to quickly and accurately identify various geometric errors, a hybrid SAPSO-GA algorithm was proposed. The compensation effect was analyzed by comparing the motion trajectory before and after compensation with a ballbar. The results show that the identifying accuracy of the method is improved, and the machining accuracy of the crankshaft grinder is greatly improved through compensation.