高速球轴承生热量的理论及试验研究

结合高速球轴承的拟动力学模型,分析轴承各零件在接触点处的切向摩擦力和相对滑动速度。利用局部分析法建立轴承生热量计算模型。研究转速、载荷和轴承几何结构参数对轴承各单元间的局部生热量和总生热量的影响。搭建轴承试验台,监测轴承生热量随工况的变化规律;将相同条件下的理论计算结果和试验结果进行对比,验证理论模型的正确性。结果表明:轴承在稳定运行时,转速和外加轴向载荷是造成轴承总生热量的主要因素;在球径一定的情况下,内、外圈沟曲率半径系数存在一个使轴承生热量最小的最优值;分析轴承生热量变化规律,有利于轴承的温度场计算、润滑油油量的选取等。研究结果为轴承结构的优化设计提供参考。

Theoretical and Experimental Study on Heat Generation of High Speed Ball Bearings

According to the quasi dynamic model of high speed ball bearings, the moment friction and relative sliding speed of each bearing components at the contact point were analyzed. A bearing heat generation calculation model were established by using the local analysis method. The effects of speed, load and bearing geometry parameters on local and total heat generation among bearing components were studied. The designed bearing test rig was built to monitor the variation of bearing heat generation under different working conditions; the theoretical calculation results were compared with the experimental results under the same conditions to verify the correctness of the theoretical model.The results show that the rotational speed and the applied thrust load are the main factors that cause the total bearing heat generation at stable stage; there is a minimum heat generation of bearing with optimal values of the inner and outside groove curvature radius factors with a fixed ball diameter; the analysis of the change law of bearing heat generation is beneficial to the calculation of bearing temperature field and the selection of lubricating oil quantity. The research results provide reference for the optimization design of bearing structure.