兔自体静脉移植物粥样硬化模型的建立

为研究自体静脉移植物粥样硬化的发病机制以进行干预研究，建立家兔动物模型。将30只雄性新西兰大白兔随机分为正常对照组(n=6)、单纯移植组(n=12)和高脂移植组(n=12)，分别给予普通饲料喂养、单纯自体颈外静脉移植加普通饲料喂养和自体颈外静脉移植加高脂饲料喂养。实验12周末处死动物，检测血脂水平，同时观察静脉移植段的形态特征。结果发现，高脂移植组出现明显的高脂血症，其颈静脉移植段出现较典型的粥样硬化病变。包括内皮细胞脱落、内膜增生、平滑肌细胞移行增殖、脂质沉积和泡沫细胞形成等；单纯移植组的颈静脉移植段仅有明显的内膜增生和平滑肌细胞表型转换及增殖，未见明显脂质沉积；而正常对照组及各移植组对侧颈外静脉未见明显异常。结果提示，自体颈外静脉移植结合高脂饲料喂养可成功建立兔自体静脉移植物粥样硬化模型，此模型可用于人自体静脉移植物粥样硬化发生机理及防治措施等的研究。

Establishment of an Autologous Vein Graft Atherosclerotic Rabbit Model

Aim To establish a novel animal model to study the mechanism of autologous vein graft atherosclerosis and methods of preventing vein graft atherosclerosis. Methods 30 male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to normal control group (rabbits fed by normal diet, n=6), vein graft group (rabbits treated by autologous external jugular vein grafting to common carotid artery and fed by normal diet, n=12) or vein graft plus high-fat diet group (rabbits treated by autologous vein graft and fed by high-fat diet, n=12). Animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks after surgery. Serum lipid levels were measured and vein grafts were investigated by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results Hyperlipidemia and the typical atherosclerotic lesions of vein grafts were observed in the vein graft plus high-fat diet group. The lesion included intimal hyperplasia, the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, the accumulation of lipid and cholesterol and the formation of foam cells. But only intimal hyperplasia and the migration of smooth muscle cells were observed in the vein graft group. There were no obvious changes in the external jugular veins of the normal control group. Conclusions The autologous typical vein graft atherosclerosis can be induced by autologous external jugular vein graft plus high-fat diet in rabbits. The animal model was suitable for the advanced research in the mechanism and prevention of human autologous vein graft atherosclerosis.