陕北地区窑洞民居在城市化进程中的更新与发展

陕北窑洞是中国西北部地区的一种特殊的民居形式,它既节能、节地,又冬暖夏凉,具有悠久的建造历史。然而,一项中国建设部课题的实地调查表明,这种传统建筑形式正在不断加快的城市化进程中逐渐消失。本文对这种现象产生的原因进行了详细探讨,并以陕北延安的两个实际项目为例,分析了传统窑洞民居如何通过在建筑设计中改善采光、通风和功能分区、在住区规划中变分散为集中等手段,在延续其传统优势和特色的同时,更加清晰而准确地把握在当今城市化进程中的发展趋势和方向。

Renewal and Development of Cave Dwelling in Northern Shaanxi Province in Process of Urbanization

The cave dwelling in Northern Shaanxi Province is a special residence type in the northwest of China, and it not only could save energy and land but also is warmer in winter and cooler in summer, which has a long construction history. However, it is investigated that this traditional architectural type gradually disappears in the ever-accelerating urbanization process by a field research of the National Ministry of Construction. This article discusses the reasons of this phenomenon, takes two projects in Yan＇an of Northern Shaanxi Province for examples, and analyzes the measures that how to improve day lighting, ventilation and function division of traditional cave dwellings and that changes the decentralized layout into the centralized one in the residential planning in order to clearly and correctly grasp its development trend in the current urbanization process on the base of inheriting its traditional advantages and characteristics.