TiB2/Ti-6Al-4V梯度装甲复合材料界面结构与防弹机理

为了不断提升装甲车辆的防护效能，采用超高重力场反应加工技术，实现TiB₂基陶瓷与Ti-6Al-4V的熔化连接，制备出TiB₂/Ti-6Al-4V梯度装甲复合材料。通过X射线衍射（XRD）与场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）观察、残余穿深（DOP）实验及数值理论分析，研究其界面结构对防弹性能的影响。XRD和FESEM结果表明，在TiB₂/Ti-6Al-4V的连接界面上，TiB₂、TiB陶瓷相自陶瓷侧逐渐过渡至钛合金侧，呈现梯度复合特征。经对TiB₂基陶瓷与TiB₂/Ti-6Al-4V梯度装甲复合材料进行DOP试验，二者防护系数分别为3.05和7.30. 相比于TiB₂基陶瓷，TiB₂/Ti-6Al-4V梯度装甲复合材料的防弹性能大幅提高。陶瓷与钛合金连接区的梯度复合结构缓解了TiB₂/Ti-6Al-4V之间声阻抗失配状况，提高其剪切强度，在表观上使防弹性能得以显著提升。

Interface Structure and Anti-ballistic Mechanism of TiB2/Ti-6Al-4V Graded Armor Composites

The TiB₂/Ti-6Al-4V graded armor composites are prepared by metallurgically bonding of TiB₂ and Ti alloy in ultra-high gravity field for promoting the protection efficiency of armored vehicles, and the effect of interface structure on the ballistic performance is analyzed through the results of XRD and FESEM, DOP experiment and numerical simulation. XRD and FESEM results show that the graded microstructures exist at a joint which is characterized by the size and the distribution of TiB₂ phases and TiB phases. The protection coefficients of TiB₂ based ceramic and TiB₂/Ti-6Al-4V graded armor composites are calculated to be 3.05 and 7.30, respectively, by DOP experiment. Compared with TiB₂ based ceramic, the ballistic performance of TiB₂/Ti-6Al-4V graded armor composites greatly increases. It is considered that the graded microstructure at the joint of TiB₂/Ti-6Al-4V effectively reduces the acoustic impedance mismatch and increases the shear strength of the joint, and finally enhances the ballistic performance of the target against a projectile.