稠油水包油型乳状液表观黏度的影响因素及预测模型

通过单因素实验，系统分析了两性/非离子复配表面活性剂含量、无机/有机复配碱含量、含油率、搅拌速率、乳化温度对稠油水包油(O/W)型乳状液表观黏度的影响。在单因素实验基础上，进行了六因素三水平的正交实验，并应用SPSS软件进行方差分析及非线性回归，进一步分析各因素对乳状液表观黏度影响的显著程度，得到稠油O/W型乳状液的表观黏度预测模型，进而从理论上分析了各因素对乳状液表观黏度的影响规律。结果表明，随着复配表面活性剂含量的增加，乳状液表观黏度增大；复配碱对乳状液表观黏度的影响具有双重性，既能促使界面上活性物质发生电离，又能压缩扩散双电层，结果取决于两者的相互竞争；随着含油率的增加，乳状液表观黏度增大；搅拌速率在500~1000 r/min范围内，随着搅拌速率的增加，乳状液表观黏度增大，在1000~1500 r/min〖JP〗范围内，表观黏度变化不大；乳化温度升高导致乳状液表观黏度降低。稠油O/W型乳状液的表观黏度预测模型预测的表观黏度与实验结果吻合。

Influencing Factors and Prediction Model of Apparent Viscosity of Heavy Oil O/W Emulsion

The effects of the contents of nonionic/amphoteric surfactant and organic/inorganic alkali and oil, mixing speed and emulsifying temperature on the apparent viscosity of heavy oil O/W emulsion were studied by using the single factor experiments, based on which the orthogonal test of six factors with three levels was carried out and the results were nonlinearly fitted by using the SPSS software to get a model for apparent viscosity prediction to further theoretically discuss the importance degree of these factors. The experimental results showed that the apparent viscosity of heavy oil O/W emulsion increased with the increase of formulated surfactant content. The organic/inorganic alkali played a twofold role on the apparent viscosity of the O/W emulsion, that is, to promote the ionization of these interfacial active components and to compress the diffused double layer, the competition of both of which with each other determined that the apparent viscosity increased or decreased. With the increase of oil content, the apparent viscosity increased, while with the increase of emulsifying temperature the apparent viscosity decreased. When the mixing speed increased in the range of 500-1000 r/min, the apparent viscosity of emulsion increased. When the mixing speed increased in the range of 1000-1500 r/min, the apparent viscosity changed a little. The rise of emulsifying temperature resulted in a decrease of the apparent viscosity. The apparent viscosity predicted by the established model agreed with the experimental one.