气管切开后不同湿化液对气道影响的实验研究

目的比较气管切开后不同湿化液对气道的影响,为临床护理提供实验依据。方法用30只健康新西兰兔建立气管切开模型,然后将其随机分为3组,分别用3种湿化液(生理盐水、蒸馏水和0.45%盐水)滴入各组兔子的气管切口内,在滴注后第7天和第14天,取其气管组织和肺组织进行电镜观察,并观察各组兔子气管内痰液黏稠度。结果0.45%的盐水组和蒸馏水组痰液稀释效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而两组稀释效果均好于生理盐水组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生理盐水组的气管和肺组织细胞呈明显皱缩状态,蒸馏水组的气管和肺组织细胞呈肿大状态,而0.45%盐水组的气管和肺组织细胞形态、大小基本无变化,与其他两组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。结论0.45%的盐水和蒸馏水气道湿化效果均较好,但蒸馏水对气道和肺组织损害较大,0.45%的盐水是较为理想的气道湿化液。

Study on the effect of different kind of wetting agent to trachea after tracheotomy

Objective To study the effects of different kind of wetting agent to trachea after tracheotomy. Methods Thirty healthy New Zealand's rabbits with incision of trachea were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 was dripped normal sodium into the incision of trachea. The distilled water and 0.45% saline were dripped separately to group 2 and group 3. Tracheal tissue and lung tissue of three groups were observed under electron microscope, and the viscidity of sputum in trachea was also observed. Results No significant difference was found between group 2 and group 3 showed better diluting sputum effect than group 1(P>0.05). Group 2 and group 3 in effect of diluting sputum(P<0.05). The cells of tracheal tissue and lung tissue presented the state of evident shrinkage in group 1, while the cells presented the state of intumesce in group 2. However the cells in group 3 had no change in the size and shape, having significant difference compared with the other two groups(P<0.001). Conclusions The effect of diluting sputum is considerable in group 2 and group 3. But the distilled water was harmful to tracheal tissue and lung tissue. It suggested that 0.45% saline is a preferable wetting agent.