脊柱转移瘤的外科治疗

目的：脊柱转移瘤可引起顽固性疼痛及脊髓压迫，其外科治疗仍存在许多争议，探讨脊柱转移瘤外科治疗的临床效果。方法：自1998年7月－2001年7月，北京大学人民医院骨肿瘤科手术治疗脊柱转移瘤患者62例，包括颈椎转移6例，胸椎转移37例，腰椎转移19例。无明显神经系统受累者19例；出现神经系统受损者43例，其中完全瘫痪者19例，不完全瘫痪者24例。病变累及一个脊柱节段者43例，二个脊柱节段者14例，三具脊柱节段者5例。结果：62例患者中，58例（94％）术后疼痛得到缓解。43例有神经功能损害的患者中，33例术后麻痹症状改善。25例术前膀胱及直肠功能受损的患者中，术后12例膀胱及直肠功能明显改善。术前Frankel A、B级的患者，5例术后恢复到E级或D级，9例改善为C或D级。结论：从肢体功能减退到完全瘫痪所经历的时间是最重要的预后因素，在48h内完全瘫痪为预后不良的重要因素；膀胱和直肠功能的完全丧失也提示预后不良。甲状腺癌和乳腺癌的脊柱转移一般预后较好，肺癌和肝癌的脊柱转移通常存活期较短。

Surgical management of spinal metastases

Objective The patients with metastatic spinal tumors often suffered from severe back pain and spinal cord compression directly caused by tumor tissue or severe spine kyphosis.In order to treat or prevent spinal cord paralysis,decompression and stabilization should be performed on the patients with spinal pain and /or severe spinal cord compression.Methods From July1998through July2001,62patients(27women and35men)with metastatic spinal tumors had been treated at our department.Of 62patients,the thoracic vertebrae were involved in37cases,lumbar vertebrae in19and cervical vertebrae in6.Among43of 62patients who pre sented with neurological dysfunction,24patients were incompletely para plegic and the others were completely paraplegic.The fol low-up ranged from8to36months.Results Pain relief was ob-tained in58of 62patients(94%),and good neurological recovery was obtained in33of the43patients.Improved bowel and bladder function was obtained in12of 25patients who presented with bowel and blad der dysfunction.After decompression,neurological function,evaluated as Frankel grade E or D,was ob-tained in5patients whose neurological function had been evaluated as Frankel grade A or B,and other9pa-tients ex perienced a neurological recovery from Frankel grade A or B to C or D.Conclusion The time developing from neurological dysfunction to complete para plegia is the most important prognostic factor.Poor prognosis is often inevitable when complete paraplegia appeared less than48hours.Complete loss of bowel and bladder function is also a factor for poor prognosis.Decompression should be performed immedi -ately if the patient is presented with neurological dysfunction.Spinal metastasis of thyroid or breast cancer has a rela tive good prognosis.However,metastasis of lung or liver cancer is associated with a short-term survival.Neu rological function of patients with spinal metastasis at thoracic region is more difficult to recover.Com-mon motor and sensory functions are often improved earlier than bowel and bladder function.Thorough re-section of metastatic tumor and stable in ternal fixation should be performed when single vertebra is involved.Conservative tumor resection,decompression and posterior internal fixation should be performed when two or more seg ments are involved in order to alleviate paraplegia,improve spinal stability and the quality.[