射孔完井工况下固井水泥环破坏研究进展

射孔完井作为国内外应用最为广泛的完井方式，对油气井增产有着非常重要的意义。随着射孔完井的不断推广，射孔后水泥环层间封隔完整性越来越受到重视，尤其是薄差油气层，而现有研究主要集中于射孔后套管损害及强度影响，对射孔完井工况下水泥环破坏涉及较少。为了更好地促进射孔后水泥环完整性的研究与发展，结合油气井射孔威力大、时间短、温度高、破坏性强等特点，分析指出了射孔完井工况下固井水泥环破坏研究难点主要集中于室内射孔模拟实验难、射孔后水泥环完整性破坏程度难确定、实际工况下水泥环抗冲击破坏能力难确定以及射孔参数影响不清楚等方面，综述了国内外射孔模拟实验、射孔水泥环完整性、水泥环抗冲击韧性、射孔作业参数影响的研究现状，探讨了目前研究存在的不足。提出了以自修复水泥、水泥浆及水泥石性能设计、优化射孔参数、井下水泥环动态破坏预测技术为核心的技术对策与趋势。 

Progress in Studying Cement Sheath Failure in Perforated Wells

Perforation well completion is a widely used completion method, and is of great importance to oil and gas well stimulation. With more and more wells completed with perforation, more attentions have been paid to the sealing integrity of cement sheaths after perforation, especially the perforation of wells with thin pay zones. Research work presently done has been focused on the effects of perforation on casing strings, while little attention has been paid to the damage of cement sheath. Oil and gas well perforation has characteristics such as being powerful, short time, high temperature, and being highly destructive. It is pointed out in this paper, based on analysis, that the diffculties in studying the failure of cement sheath mainly lie in laboratory simulation, determination of the degree of damage to the cement sheath, determination of the cement sheath's resistance to impact under practical conditions, and ascertaining the effects of perforation parameters on the integrity of cement sheath, etc. Researches presently done on the topics such as perforation simulation methods used both in China and abroad, integrity of cement sheath after perforation, shock or impact resistance of cement sheath, and the effects of perforation parameters, are summarized in this paper. Defciencies of the researches are also discussed herein. Also included in this paper are technical measures concerning self-healing cement, cement slurry and set cement performance designs, optimization of perforation parameters, and prediction of dynamic damage to downhole cement sheath etc.