月桂叶精油的3种制备方法比较及应用

采用超临界CO₂萃取、亚临界CO₂萃取和水蒸气蒸馏法分别制备月桂叶精油,采用正交试验分别优化超临界CO₂和亚临界CO₂萃取月桂叶精油工艺条件,采用GC/MS法分析3种精油的化学成分,并进行卷烟加香试验。结果表明:①超临界CO₂萃取最佳条件为萃取压力30 MPa、萃取时间1h、萃取温度55℃,月桂叶精油得率为2.37%;亚临界CO₂萃取最佳条件为萃取压力20 MPa、萃取时间1 h、萃取温度15℃,月桂叶精油得率为2.16%;二者得率均明显高于水蒸气蒸馏法(1.25%)。②超临界CO₂萃取月桂叶精油共检测出66种致香成分,主要为1,8-桉叶油素(16.43%)、a-乙酸松油酯(15.68%)、芳樟醇(12.84%)等;亚临界CO₂萃取月桂叶精油共检测出62种致香成分,主要为1,8-桉叶油素(17.22%)、a-乙酸松油酯(16.11%)、芳樟醇(11.84%)等;水蒸气蒸馏月桂叶精油检测出49种致香成分,主要为1,8-桉叶油素(18.39%)、a-乙酸松油酯(15.60%)、芳樟醇(9.60%)等。③超临界CO₂和亚临界CO₂萃取月桂叶精油在改善香气质、刺激性、余味方面效果相当,且均优于水蒸气蒸馏月桂叶精油。 

Comparison of Three Preparation Methods of Laurel Leaf Essential Oil and Application of the Oil

The essential oils extracted from laurel leaf with three methods(supercritical CO₂ extraction,subcritical CO₂ extraction and steam distillation) were added into cigarettes as a flavor separately.The chemical components in the essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS,and the technical parameters in supercritical and subcritical CO₂ extraction were optimized with orthogonal experiments.The results showed that:1) The yield of essential oil reached 2.37% under the optimized parameters of supercritical CO₂ extraction,55℃,30 MPa,extracting for 1 hour;the yield of essential oil was 2.16% under the optimized parameters of subcritical CO₂ extraction,15℃,20 MPa,extracting for 1 hour.The yield of essential oil extracted by steam distillation was 1.25%.2)66,62 and 49 aroma components were identified in the essential oils obtained by supercritical,subcritical CO₂ extraction and steam distillation,respectively;the major components were 1,8-cineole,α-terpinyl acetate,linalool,their proportions in the essential oils by supercritical CO₂ extraction were 16.43%,15.68%,12.84%;by subcritical CO₂ extraction were 17.22%,16.11%,11.84%;and by steam distillation were 18.39%,15.60%,9.60%,respectively.3) The essential oil obtained by supercritical CO₂ extraction were comparable to that by subcritical CO₂ extraction,and were superior to that by steam distillation in terms of improving aroma quality and aftertaste and reducing irritancy of cigarette smoke.