枸杞多糖的神经保护作用机制研究进展

枸杞多糖是从茄科枸杞属植物宁夏枸杞的果实中提取分离得到的多糖类化合物,是枸杞中的主要有效成分之一,具有增强免疫、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗肿瘤、保护视网膜、保护肝脏、保护神经系统、降血糖降血脂等多种药理作用。目前,枸杞多糖在临床上广泛用于多种疾病的治疗,包括肿瘤及免疫类疾病,高血压高血脂,急性肝损伤,脑缺血及脑中风等。尤其对于阿尔茨海默症,脑缺血等神经系统疾病的治疗具有显著的临床疗效,使枸杞多糖在中枢神经系统方面的应用受到越来越多的重视。近年来,有关枸杞多糖保护神经系统的研究成果不断涌现,为了推进枸杞多糖在防治中枢神经系统疾病方面的作用机制研究,本文结合国内外最新报道,对近年来枸杞多糖发挥神经保护作用的途径进行系统总结和陈述,主要包括改善神经退行性病变、视神经保护、抑制氧化应激、抑制细胞凋亡、抑制炎症反应、降低谷氨酸毒性作用、抑制神经细胞非正常分化等几个方面。虽然枸杞多糖保护神经系统的作用机制主要涉及以上几种途径,但对于枸杞多糖神经保护作用机制的某些部分研究不够深入,枸杞多糖的神经保护作用机制仍然非常复杂,需从现代分子生物学和基因分析技术入手,为枸杞多糖对神经系统保护作用的深入研究提供依据和思路。

Neuroprotective Effect and Relative Mechanisms of Lycii Fructus Polysaccharide

Lycii Fructus polysaccharide extracted from the fruit of Lycium chinense is one of the most active chemicals of Lycii Fructus, and has multiple pharmacological functions, such as enhancing immunity, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, inhibiting tumor, protecting retina, liver and nervous system, and sugar and lipid-decreasing effects. Many studies have demonstrated that Lycii Fructus polysaccharide was widely used to treat various diseases in clinic, such as tumor and immune diseases, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, acute liver injury, cerebral ischemia and apoplexy. Because Lycii Fructus polysaccharide has a significant efficacy in relieving central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer''s disease and cerebral ischemia, its application in physical nervous system has attracted more and more attention. In recent years, studies on the neuroprotective effect of Lycii Fructus in central nervous system have been increased. To further promote the studies on the prevention and treatment of central nervous system diseases, this review systematically summarizes the neuroprotective effect of Lycii Fructus polysaccharide based on domestic and foreign reports for the effects of Lycii Fructus polysaccharide in alleviating neurodegenerative disease, protecting optic nerve, inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory response, reducing glutamate toxicity, and inhibiting the abnormal differentiation of nerve stem cells. However, because the neuroprotective mechanisms of Lycii Fructus Polysaccharide are complicated and not very clear in some aspects, we shall define the mechanisms of neuroprotective action of Lycii Fructus Polysaccharide with modern molecular biology techniques and gene analysis methods, which may provide useful theoretical support to further studies.