The use of RO to remove emerging micropollutants following CAS/UF or MBR treatment of municipal wastewater |
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Authors: | Eyal Sahar Inbal David Yelena Gelman Haim Chikurel Avi Aharoni Rami Messalem Asher Brenner |
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Affiliation: | aUnit of Environmental Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. B 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105 Israel;bMekorot-Israel Water Works, 9 Lincoln Street, Tel-Aviv, 61201 Israel;cZuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boker Campus, 84990 Israel |
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Abstract: | The removal of various organic micropollutants (OMPs), including six antibiotics (ERY, ROX, CLA, SMX, SMZ, and TMP), three pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, salicylic acid, and diclofenac), one industrial product (BPA), and one hormone (cholesterol), was investigated in two pilot plants treating the same raw sewage of the Tel-Aviv WWTP. The effluent production by CAS-UF was 45 m3/h while that of MBR was 40 L/h. Each system's effluent constituted the feed for its RO, which comprised three RO steps after the CAS/UF and a semi-batch RO system after the MBR. Despite significant molecular differences between the selected OMPs, high removal rates were achieved after the RO stage (> 99% for macrolides, pharmaceuticals, cholesterol, and BPA, 95% for diclofenac, and > 93% removal of sulfonamides). However, low antibiotics concentrations and 28–223 ng/L residuals of ibuprofen, diclofenac, salicylic acid, cholesterol, and BPA in the MBR/RO and CAS-UF/RO permeates showed that although RO is an efficient removal solution, it cannot serve as an absolute barrier to OMPs. Therefore, additional treatment techniques should be considered to be incorporated aside the RO to ensure complete removal of such substances. |
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Keywords: | Antibiotics Membrane bioreactor Municipal wastewater Organic micropollutants Reverse osmosis Ultrafiltration |
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