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Catalyst modification strategies to enhance the catalyst activity and stability during steam reforming of acetic acid for hydrogen production |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi -221005 UP, India;2. Verdeen Chemicals Private Limited, D-11 UPSIDC Industrial Area, Phase-I, Masoori-Gulawathi Road, Dist. Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, 201015 India;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan′an University, China;3. College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;4. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu 212013, China;1. Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;3. Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;1. Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29 a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany;2. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) of Bilbao, Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;3. Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 68, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany;1. Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology for Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Training Base of State Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Jointly Constructed by Shanxi Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China;2. Xi’An University of Science and Technology, Xi’An 710054, PR China;1. Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;3. Catalysis Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran;4. Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials (CSNano), Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;5. Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia |
| Abstract: | A high energy content (～122 MJ/kg H2) and presence of hydrogen-bearing compounds abundance in nature make hydrogen forth runner candidate to fulfill future energy requirements. Biomass being abundant and carbon neutral is one of the promising source of hydrogen production. In addition, it also addresses agricultural waste disposal problems and will bring down our dependency on fossil fuel for energy requirements. Biomass-derived bio-oil can be an efficient way for hydrogen production. Acetic acid is the major component of bio-oil and has been extensively studied by the researchers round the globe as a test component of bio-oil for hydrogen generation. Hydrogen can be generated from acetic acid via catalytic steam reforming process which is thermodynamically feasible. A number of nickel-based catalysts have been reported. However, the coke deposition during reforming remains a major challenge. In this review, we have investigated all possible reactions during acetic acid steam reforming (AASR), which can cause coke deposition over the catalyst surface. Different operating parameters such as temperature and steam to carbon feed ratio affect not only the product distribution but also the carbon formation during the reaction. Present review elaborates effects of preparation methods, active metal catalyst including bimetallic catalysts, type of support and microstructure of catalysts on coke resistance behavior and catalyst stability during reforming reactions. The present study also focuses on the effects of a combination of a variety of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) promoters on coke deposition. Effect of specially designed reactors and the addition of oxygen on carbon deposition during AASR have also been analyzed. This review based on the available literature focuses mainly on the catalyst deactivation because of coke deposition, and possible strategies to minimize catalyst deactivation during AASR. |
| Keywords: | Acetic acid Hydrogen production Steam reforming Coke deposition Catalyst Bio oil AAEM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Alkali and alkaline earth metal AASR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0055"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Acetic acid steam reforming SEAASR"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0065"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Sorption enhanced acetic acid steam reforming AcOH"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0075"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"acetic acid acetic acid conversion % S/C"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0095"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"steam to carbon molar ratio WHSV"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0105"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"weight hour space velocity LHSV"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0115"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"liquid hour space velocity GHSV"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0125"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"gas hour space velocity SCMNPs"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0135"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"size control metal nanoparticles MA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0145"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"mesoporous alumina TOS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0155"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"time on stream M(TOA)"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0165"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"M = Rh or Ru and TOA = Trioctylamine ZDA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0175"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"zhun dong ash PG"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0185"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"palygorskite |
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