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Review on health-conscious energy management strategies for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: Degradation models and strategies
Affiliation:1. FEMTO-ST Institute (UMR CNRS 6174) – UBFC/UFC/ENSMM, 24 rue Alain Savary, F-25000, Besançon, France;2. FCLAB Research Federation (FR CNRS 3539), Rue Thierry Mieg, F-90010, Belfort, France;3. KIPERS Industries, 213 cours de la Libération, F-33130, Bègles, France;1. Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia;2. Department of Electrical, Electronics & System Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia;1. Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Highway, Shanghai 201804, China;2. School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Highway, Shanghai 201804, China;3. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, 100 Lotus Street, Zhengzhou 450007, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions & School of Automotive Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China;2. Sir William Wright Technology Center, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5BS, United Kingdom;3. Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China;4. School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom;5. Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacture Technology for Automobile Parts, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
Abstract:Considering the overwhelming pressure on worldwide demand of fossil fuels and the climate change caused by air pollution, hybrid electric vehicles have seen a promising future thanks to the development of renewable energy sources. Among various kinds of energy sources that have been used in hybrid electric vehicles, lithium-ion battery and proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell exist to be the most favorable ones owing to their high energy density and power density. However, the degradation issues of the energy sources tend to be neglected when designing the energy management strategies for the hybrid electric vehicles. Concerning existing literature, degradation modelling methods of lithium-ion batteries and PEM fuel cells are reviewed and the possibility of integrating them into health-conscious energy management is discussed. Besides, a variety of energy management strategies that have taken the influence of degradations into consideration are reviewed and classified. The contribution of this paper is to investigate the possibility of developing a health-conscious energy management strategy based on accurate estimation of degradation to improve the durability of the system.
Keywords:Degradation modelling  Energy management strategy (EMS)  Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)  Lithium-ion battery  PEM fuel cell
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