驾驶人熟悉程度对其安全驾驶行为的影响研究综述

驾驶人作为人-车-路-环境复杂系统中最核心的因素,在交通安全中发挥最为关键的作用。聚焦驾驶人熟悉程度这一因素对道路交通事故的影响,系统地梳理和分析了驾驶人熟悉程度与交通事故的关系及其影响安全驾驶的机理等相关研究及成果。首先,基于驾驶人熟悉程度的距离维度和频率维度识别标准,分析了驾驶人对道路、环境及车辆的熟悉程度与其发生交通事故概率的关联性;其次,从驾驶人控制行为、路径选择行为及视觉行为等角度归纳了驾驶人熟悉程度影响其安全驾驶的机理;最后,就该领域面临的挑战及未来的研究趋势进行了分析和探讨,提出进一步标准化驾驶人熟悉程度指标的方法,为驾驶安全程度评价及提高交通安全提供了理论基础。针对已有相关研究的局限性及机理研究中尚不明朗的问题,后续研究需从认知心理学方面探究因道路、环境、车辆等驾驶人熟悉程度影响其安全驾驶的机理,进一步将视觉特征指标与生理指标结合以量化驾驶人熟悉程度,将此纳入到道路选择模型中。同时,从生理指标角度客观衡量驾驶人熟悉程度对其乘坐舒适度的影响,这些为提升自动驾驶技术接受度、交通安全及车辆安全提供强有力的理论基础。

Review on the Impact of Drivers' Familiarity on Their Safe Traffic Driving Behavior

As core factor in the complex system of human-vehicle-road-environment, drivers play the most critical role in traffic safety. Focusing on the impact of drivers' familiarity on road traffic accidents, the paper systematically combs and analyzes the relationship between drivers' familiarity and traffic accidents and the mechanism of its influence on safe driving. Firstly, based on the criterions using for identifying drivers' familiarity of distance-based scale and frequency-based scale, the correlation between drivers' familiarity with the road, the environment and the vehicle and the probability of traffic accidents was analyzed. Secondly, the mechanism that drivers' familiarity affects their safe driving was summarized from the perspectives of drivers' control behavior, route choice behavior and visual behavior. Finally, the challenges and future trends in the field were analyzed and discussed, at the same time, the method that further standardizes the index of drivers' familiarity was proposed, which provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the degree of driving safety and the improvement of traffic safety. Aimed at the limitation of the existing research-related and unclear problems in these study on the mechanism, further research should explore the mechanism that drivers' familiarity, such as road familiarity, vehicle familiarity, drivers' familiarity with the environment and so on, influence their safe driving from the aspects of cognitive psychology. Then drivers' familiarity needs to be quantified according to visual characteristics and physiological indicators. At the same time, drivers' familiarity should be included in the route choice model. Meanwhile, the impact of drivers' familiarity on their comfort should also be objectively measured from the perspective of physiological indicators, which provides a strong theoretical basis for the improvement of the acceptance of autonomous driving technology, traffic safety and vehicle safety.