分离富集技术在痕量贵金属分析中的应用与进展

贵金属具有良好的抗腐蚀性、稳定的热电性、高温抗氧化性及良好的催化特性,在国民经济各个领域应用广泛。由于对贵金属的需求量逐年剧增,以及其在一次资源和二次资源中含量极低,使得贵金属分析中的分离富集技术不断向痕量、超痕量方向发展。文章综述了近年来国内外痕量贵金属分析中分离富集技术的研究进展,对火试金法、共沉淀法、吸附分离法、溶剂萃取法等分离富集方法进行了归纳总结,对存在的问题进行了分析探讨,并对未来分离富集技术发展趋势进行了展望。文章提出,应对现有分离富集技术原理进行多角度深入研究,并不断开发与仪器分析相适应的贵金属分离富集新技术,同时加大对铑、铱、钌、锇4种贵金属元素分离富集方法研究的力度。

Application and progress of separation and enrichment technology in the analysis of trace precious metal

Precious metals have good corrosion resistance, stable thermoelectricity, high temperature oxidation resistance and good catalytic properties, so they are widely used in various fields of the national economy. Due to the increasing demand for precious metals year by year and the extremely low content of precious metals in primary and secondary resources, the separation and enrichment technology in the analysis of precious metals continues to develop towards the direction of trace and ultra-trace. The research progress of separation and enrichment technology in the analysis of trace precious metals at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed. The separation and enrichment methods such as fire assay, coprecipitation, adsorption separation and solvent extraction were summarized. The existing problems were analyzed and discussed. Moreover, the development trend in future was also prospected. It was proposed that the principle of the existing separation and enrichment technologies should be deeply studied from multiple angles, and new technologies for the separation and enrichment of precious metals suitable for instrumental analysis should be constantly developed. At the same time, the research on the separation and enrichment methods of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium should be strengthened.