长余辉发光材料在应急疏散标识中的应用形态

视觉标识系统在体育场馆的应急疏散中起着关键的作用。在无源情况下能够自行发光的长余辉材料被认为是制作应急指示标识的理想材料。然而，长余辉材料大多为粉末颗粒，需要制成不同的应用形态以满足不同场景。本文对目前长余辉材料的应用形态进行梳理和总结，分别从长余辉荧光粉-玻璃复合材料、长余辉荧光粉-硅胶/聚合物复合材料、长余辉荧光粉-包覆材料和纳米长余辉荧光材料等方面阐述了不同材料形态的应用效果。文中指出，长余辉材料应用于应急标识的关键问题是通过包覆介质与外界环境隔绝。与此同时，应避免介质本身与长余辉材料起反应。另外，介质材料还应具有防火、防水和低成本等要求。未来，除了进一步拓展现有应用形态，如包覆并制成涂料、水泥沙浆，与聚合物、玻璃复合等，还应研究长余辉材料与介质的反应机理以及复合后的力学性能变化，并探索新型包覆介质。

Review on application forms of persistent luminescence materials for emergency evacuation signage

Visual identification system plays a key role in the emergency evacuation of large-scale stadiums. Persistence luminescent materials that can emit light without external energy supply are considered as ideal candidates for emergency signage. Most of the persistent luminescence materials are synthesized into powder particles, and they need to be further fabricated into different application forms to meet the various scenarios of large-scale stadiums. In this paper, the application forms of persistent luminescence materials were summarized. The applications of persistent luminescence materials in different forms were described from the aspects of phosphor-glass composite, phosphor-silica gel/polymer composite, surface coating of phosphor particles and nano-sized phosphors. The key was isolation of persistence luminescent materials from the external environment with the help of coating medium. Meanwhile, the possible chemical reaction between persistence luminescent materials and the coating medium needed to be suspended. The coating medium had to meet the requirements of fire prevention, waterproofing and low cost. In the future, besides extending the current application forms, such as performing surface modifications, integrating the powder particles into coatings, cement slurry, polymer and glass composites, more researches were expected in the fields of chemical reaction mechanism between persistence luminescent materials and coating medium, mechanical properties of the composite and new kinds of coating medium.