广西烟仓主要霉变生物的生物学特性研究

研究了温度、湿度、pH值和营养对溜曲霉(Aspergillus tamarii Kita)、匍匐散囊菌原变种(Eurotium repens de Bary)和谢瓦散囊菌(Eurotium chevalieri Mangin)生长的影响及它们的致死温度。三种曲霉的生长温度分别为16~43℃、13~31℃和16~37℃，最适温度分别为22~34℃、22~28℃和22~31℃。湿度是影响它们生长的主导因子，溜曲霉在相对湿度达82%、另两种曲霉在相对湿度达75%时开始生长，并随湿度增高而加快。它们对酸碱度的适应力很强，在pH值2.5以上均能生长。在人工培养基上，溜曲霉长得很快，另两种曲霉则很慢；而在天然烟叶培养基上，三种曲霉均生长迅速。它们的致死温度分别是, 溜曲霉60℃20min或65℃10min，匍匐散囊菌原变种65℃30min或70℃5min，谢瓦散囊菌70℃15min。

Biological Characteristics of Three Species of Aspergillus Causing Mildew of Store Tobacco

Effects of temperature, moisture, pH and culture media on the growth of Aspergillus tamarii Kita, Eurotium repens de Bary and Eurotium chevalieri Mangin, which cause mildew of store tobacco, were studied. For the growth of A. tamarii, E. repens and E. chevalieri, the range of temperature were 16~43℃, 13~31℃ and 16~37℃, and the optimum were 22~34℃, 22~28℃ and 22~31℃ respectively. Moisture was the most important factor for the growth of these fungi. E. repens and E. chevalieri started to grow slowly when the relative humidity reached 75%, while A. tamarii started to grow when the relative humidity reached 82%, and the higher the moisture was, the faster the growth of these fungi became. All of them have wide adaptability to pH, they could grow even at pH 2.5. A. tamarii grew fast on artificial media, while E. repens and E. chevalieri grew very slowly, but all of them grew fast on natural tobacco leaves media. The lethal temperature for A. tamarii was 60℃ remaining 20 minutes or 65℃ remaining 10 minutes， while for E. repens was 65℃ remaining 30 minutes or 70℃ remaining 5 minutes and for E. chevalieri was 70℃ remaining 15 minutes.