混合表型急性白血病32例临床研究

目的 分析混合表型急性白血病(MPAL)的临床、生物学特征和预后.方法 总结2003年1月至2009年6月收治的32例MPAL患者资料,分析其骨髓细胞形态学、细胞免疫表型、细胞遗传学和分子生物学特点.32例患者采用了兼顾髓系、淋系的联合化疗方案治疗,2例在缓解期进行了异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT).对患者进行疗效和生存分析.结果 ①MPAL在急性白血病中的发生率为2.6%,32例MPAL患者中髓系和B系(M/B)表型16例(50.0%),髓系和T系(M/T)表型14例(43.8%),髓系、B、T三系(M/B/T)表型和B/T系表型各1例(3.1%).②CD34和HLA-DR阳性率分别为87.5%和62.5%.③异常核型发生率为70.0%(30例中21例),涉及Ph、11q23和复杂核型在内的结构重排和(或)数目异常.④32例MPAL患者总完全缓解(CR)率75.0%,2年总生存(OS)率和无病生存(DFS)率分别为14.8%和14.2%.M/B和M/T表型CR率分别为75.0%和71.4%.M/B和M/T表型患者的OS和DFS率比较差异无统计学意义.2例allo-HSCT患者均未复发,生存期延长.结论 MPAL是一类异质性的急性白血病亚型,其不良预后可能与染色体异常发生率高、CD34高表达和易于髓外浸润等因素有关.兼顾髓系、淋系的联合化疗和包括HSCT的强烈治疗可能有助于提高疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical and biological characteristics and prognosis of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). Methods Thirty two patients were diagnosed as MPAL by bone marrow examination, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic and molecular assay and were treated with combined chemotherapy regimens for both acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemia. Two cases were received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Results ① The incidence of MPAL in acute leukemias was 2. 6%. There were 16 cases ( 50. 0% ) of mixed myeloid and B-lymphoid ( M/B), 14(43.8%) myeloid and T-lympboid ( M/T), one each (3.1%) of trilineage (M/B/T) and B- and T-lymphoid (B/T) phenotype. ② The positive rates of CD34 and HLA-DR were 87.5% and 62.5%, respectively.③Abnormal karyotypes were detected in 70.0% of 30 MPAL patients, which were structural and numerical abnormalities including t(9;22), 11q23 and complex karyotypes. ④ The total complete remission (CR) rate was 75.0% and the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DES) at 2 years were 14. 8% and 14.2% respectively. The CR rates for M/B and M/T cases were 75.0% and 71.4% respectively. No statistical difference was observed in OS and DFS between M/B and M/T cases. Conclusions MPAL is a rare type of acute leukemia with a high heterogeneity. The unfavorable indicators of MPAL may be factors such as abnormal karyotypes, high expression of CD34 and extramedullary infiltration. Combined regimens and more intensive therapy including allo-HSCT might contribute to improving survival.

Study on the clinical characteristics of 32 patients with mixed phenotype acute leukemia

Objective To investigate the clinical and biological characteristics and prognosis of mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). Methods Thirty two patients were diagnosed as MPAL by bone marrow examination, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic and molecular assay and were treated with combined chemotherapy regimens for both acute lymphoblastic and acute myeloid leukemia. Two cases were received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Results ① The incidence of MPAL in acute leukemias was 2. 6%. There were 16 cases ( 50. 0% ) of mixed myeloid and B-lymphoid ( M/B), 14(43.8%) myeloid and T-lympboid ( M/T), one each (3.1%) of trilineage (M/B/T) and B- and T-lymphoid (B/T) phenotype. ② The positive rates of CD34 and HLA-DR were 87.5% and 62.5%, respectively.③Abnormal karyotypes were detected in 70.0% of 30 MPAL patients, which were structural and numerical abnormalities including t(9;22), 11q23 and complex karyotypes. ④ The total complete remission (CR) rate was 75.0% and the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DES) at 2 years were 14. 8% and 14.2% respectively. The CR rates for M/B and M/T cases were 75.0% and 71.4% respectively. No statistical difference was observed in OS and DFS between M/B and M/T cases. Conclusions MPAL is a rare type of acute leukemia with a high heterogeneity. The unfavorable indicators of MPAL may be factors such as abnormal karyotypes, high expression of CD34 and extramedullary infiltration. Combined regimens and more intensive therapy including allo-HSCT might contribute to improving survival.