黄河下游河滨湿地不同草本植物群落物种多样性研究

暖温带河滨湿地植被以草本植物群落为主。以黄河下游河滨湿地的河漫滩和背河洼地的15个草本植物群落为调查对象,研究河滨湿地不同草本植物群落的组成及多样性。结果表明,15个草本植物群落中共有31科73属94种植物,包括2科蕨类植物门植物和29科被子植物门植物,其中,禾本科植物最多(12属17种);丰富度最高的是狗尾草(Setaria viridis)群落;15个草本植物群落的Shannon-wiener指数介于0.22～2.07之间,人工群落荷花(Nelumbo nucifera)的Shannon-wiener指数最低,仅0.22,而另一人工群落水稻(Oryza sativa)的Shan-non-wiener指数却最大,达到2.07;典型湿地植物群落的Pielou均匀度指数较高,如扁秆藨草(Scirpus planiculmis)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、水烛(Typha angustifolia)群落的Pielou均匀度指数都大于0.6;Simpson多样性指数最高的是荷花群落,而最低的是水稻群落;15个群落中,多样性指数、丰富度、均匀度指数和优势度指数在各群落间存在显著的差异;河滨湿地自然草本植物群落的Shannon-wiener指数、物种丰富度、Pielou均匀度指数均高于人工草本植物群落,而Simpson多样性指数则是前者低于后者,但人工草本植物群落与自然草本植物群落间4个多样性指数的差异并不明显。

Species Diversity of Different Herbaceous Plant Communities in Riparian Wetlands in the Lower Yellow River

Study on species diversity of different herbaceous plant communities in riparian wetlands in warm temperate zone is meaningful to the restoration and the biodiversity protection of riparian wetlands.In this paper,15 herbaceous plant communities in riparian wetlands of the Lower Yellow River were investigated and the species component and diversity of them were analyzed.The results showed that there were 94 species falling into 31 families and 73 genera in all herbaceous plant communities,including 2 families belonging to pteridophyta and 29 families to angiosperm.The population of species of Gramineae was the largest.Setaria viridis community was the richest community.The values of Shannon-wiener index of 15 herbaceous plant communities were 0.22-2.07,and the minimum of Shannon-wiener index was that of community Nelumbo mucifera and the maximum was that of Oryza sativa community which both were man-made planting communities.The Pielou evenness of plant communities in typical wetlands was more than 0.6,such as Scirpus planiculmis community,Phragmites australis community and Typha angustifolia community.The highest Simpson index was in Nelumbo mucifera community and the lowest in Oryza sativa community.The species diversity index was significantly different among the 15 herbaceous plant communities.The Shannon-wiener index,species richness and Pielou evenness of natural plant communities in riparian wetlands were greater than those of man-made planting one and the Simpson index was opposite,but their difference was not notable.