基于距离的北京制造业空间集聚

运用改进的基于距离的产业地理集中度测度方法M'函数，利用2001北京市第二次基本单位普查资料和2002北京市130部门投入产出表，研究了北京市25个制造业行业的空间分布结构，以及14组投入产出关系较为密切行业间的空间临近分布状态。发现25个制造业行业在不同的距离范围内呈不同程度的集中分布，随着距离的增加，集中度基本呈下降的趋势。各行业的空间集中程度差别较大，原料指向和劳动力指向型行业空间分布的集中程度高，资金和技术密集型行业空间分布的集中程度相对较低。定量分析表明，比较优势和产业联系是影响北京制造业空间集聚的主要因素，促进北京制造业行业地理集中；产品市场竞争、外商投资和技术外溢推动产业布局趋向分散。行业间空间临近分布的集中度低，多数行业间表现为分散分布。相对而言，劳动密集型或原料型制造业行业间空间临近分布的集中度较高；资金或技术密集型行业与其他行业间空间临近分布多为分散状态。进一步研究表明，投入产出对行业间空间临近分布具有较强的解释力。

Evaluating the Geographic Concentration of Manufacturing Industries of Beijing Based on Distance-based Methods

Geographic concentration of industries is very important to decision making and regional economic development. Based on data from the second census of basic units and input-output table of Beijing, this paper researches the spatial distribution structure of manufacturing industries in Beijing by means of improving distance-based industrial geographic concentration method-M' function. Efforts are further made to investigate co-location of 14 sector groups. The results suggest that the 25 manufacturing sectors concentrate at various levels, and decline at longer distances. The studies also indicate that factor endowments and labor favorite sectors concentrate highly, while capital/technology intensive industries show lowly concentrative pattern. Statistical results imply that comparative advantages and industries linkage are the most important locational determinants of Beijing manufacturing industries, and have reinforced the spatial concentration level. However, market competition, utilization of foreign investments and technological spillover have strengthened its dispersion. Concerning the co-location phenomenon, inter-industry concentration levels are lowly concentration, even dispersion. Pairs of labor favorite and factor endowments sectors show highly co-location concentration, while industries between capital/technology intensive and other sectors generally show dispersion pattern. Further studies indicate that more input-output imitates the high inter-concentration between two sectors of activity. The results have important policy implications for industrial restructuring in Beijing.