金属矿山固废充填研究现状与发展趋势

介绍了以膏体+多介质协同充填、同步充填和功能性充填为代表的新兴充填理念。系统阐述了以流变力学和固体力学为主体的矿山充填力学架构，剖析了原位多场多因素扰动作用，并介绍了最新研发的充填体多场耦合监测系统。总结了全尾砂深度浓密、固液混合搅拌以及长距离浆体输送等充填核心环节的发展特点及研究进展。分析了充填智能化发展的必要性，梳理了充填领域涉及的智能化算法，提出了充填智能化未来发展思路。通过对矿山固废充填发展趋势分析，认为未来矿山固废充填需要深度拓展绿色发展内涵，进一步探索模块化、规模化和智能化之路，积极融入并服务深地开采需求，充填采矿法或将成为深部采矿和绿色采矿未来可期的唯一解决方案。 

Research status and development trend of solid waste backfill in metal mines

In China, solid waste backfill technology has been used in metal mines for more than half a century. It has been essential for comprehensive excavation and utilization of mineral resources, environmental protection, and engineering safety. The core concept of solid waste filling has not changed qualitatively despite the rapid development of mining technology from semi-mechanized and mechanized automation and intelligence. It is mainly used in mine tailings, waste rock, and other solid wastes to control the hazards of goaf and tailings reservoir from the source to treat waste and hazards. However, the quality requirements, degree of fine control, and intelligent allocation technology of solid waste filling are undergoing considerable changes. Furthermore, the design philosophy of modern backfill technology consider comprehensive realization of solid waste utilization, environment conservation, mined-out area disposal, resource recovery, and ground pressure control that require optimal backfill method, sufficient mechanical strength, and pumpable backfill slurry, using information technology, automatic technology, and equipment technology. Besides, new backfill concepts are introduced, such as collaborative paste and multimaterial, synchronous, and functional backfills. In this paper, the framework of backfill mechanics was described, relying on rheology and solid mechanics. The influences of in-situ multifield factors were analyzed based on the characteristics of the in-situ stope, introducing the latest multifield coupling monitoring system. More details about the development trend and research status of critical processes in the backfill, including deep thickening, mixing, and long-distance pipe transport, have been updated. We propose a picture for the future development of intelligent backfill based on the advantages of intelligent backfill and performance of intelligent algorithms in the backfill field. In terms of the future trend of solid waste backfill, we feel that it can enrich green mining, explore the realization of modular, scale, and intelligent backfill, and actively examine and serve the needs of deep mining. Thus, the backfill method appears as the optimal choice for deep mining and green mining.