孕中期妇女营养状况及影响因素调查

目的:了解孕妇的膳食摄入与营养状况,提出合理的建议,改善孕妇的营养状况,促进胎儿的正常发育。方法:选择前来银川市妇幼保健院进行膳食咨询的孕妇作为调查对象,采用24 h回顾法进行膳食调查,对每个调查对象的食物的摄入种类和量进行询问、记录,利用食物成分表计算出每人每日营养素的平均摄入量。并对影响因素进行显著性分析。结果:孕中期妇女大多数营养素能满足需要,但是钙、锌、维生素B1仍然摄入不足,分别达到RNI的74.36%、81.15%、79.33%。三大营养素的供能比例基本合理,而三餐能量比摄入不合理,零食占三餐的能量比较高达34.80%。文化程度与能量、蛋白质、维生素B2、钙有显著性差异。结论:孕中期妇女大多数营养素的摄入能满足需要,仍然有少数营养素不能满足需要,而且膳食结构不太合理。因此为保障孕妇的营养,使孕妇处于最佳的生理状态,建议加强孕妇摄食的科学指导,引导孕妇合理选择食物,改善不合理的饮食习惯。

Investigation on nutritional status and influencing factors of women during the second trimester of pregnancy

Objective:To understand the dietary intake and nutritional status of pregnant women in Yinchuan city,put forward reasonable advices,improve the nutritional status of pregnant women,and promote normal development of the fetuses. Methods:The pregnant women who went to the hospital for dietary consultation were selected as respondents,24-hour respective method was used to investigate the dietary status;the types and quantity of dietary intake of every respondent were asked and recorded;food composition table was used to calculate the mean intake quantity of nutrients per person per day.The influencing factors were analyzed. Results:The intakes of nutrients could satisfy the demands of most of the pregnant women during the second trimester of pregnancy,but the intakes of calcium,zinc,and vitamin B1 were deficient,which reached 74.36%,81.15%,and 79.33% of RNI,respectively.The proportions of energy supplied by three major nutrients were basically reasonable,but the proportions of energy supplied by three meals were not reasonable,the proportion of energy supplied by snacks was high,which was 34.80%.There were statistically significant differences in energy,proteins,vitamin B2,and calcium among the pregnant women with different educational levels. Conclusion:The intakes of nutrients can satisfy the demands of most of the pregnant women during the second trimester of pregnancy,but there are still few nutrients which can’t satisfy their demands,and the dietary structure is unreasonable.Thus,to ensure nutrition of pregnant women and maintain the pregnant women at an optimal physiological state,it is suggested to enhance scientific guidance for diet of pregnant women,direct them to choose foods reasonably,and improve unreasonable dietary habits.