巴尔喀什湖分湖水平衡及其影响与优化保护研究

巴尔喀什湖是中亚干旱区最大的湖泊生态系统之一,其保护对中亚地区具有重要意义,但同时对相关区域也产生了较大的水资源压力.分析其水量平衡,对提出合理的保障措施具有重要的理论与实践价值.根据巴尔喀什湖形态、水文特征,在分析识别其水量平衡主要影响因素与作用机制的基础上,根据水量平衡原理与东西湖分治的思想,反演了1936-200...

Water Balances of East and West Lakes Balkhash and Their Optimization Management

Lake Balkhash is the largest lake ecosystem in Central Asia arid regions,of which the protection is important for Central Asia.However,the protection also brings about a great overwhelming force upon water resources in the relevant regions.Analyzing the water balance and proposing reasonable safety measures have important theoretical and practical significance.In this paper,according to the shape and hydrological characteristics of Lake Balkhash,distinguishing and identifying the major factors which control the water balance and balance mechanisms,water balance series from 1936 to 2008 are worked out for the east and west lakes on the principle of water balance and the divide and conquer idea on the east and west lakes.Afterward,the contributions of these factors to water balance of the lakes are analyzed,and the water storage of the lake responding to climate change and human activities is discussed,as well as how to optimization management.It is found that runoff into the lake is the key factor which controls the dynamics of lake water.Imbalance between east and west lakes results in water exchange between the lakes frequently,with 2.31 km3 of water in average exchanged from 1936 to 2008.It is also found that water storage has high sensitivity to climate change and human activities.Climate change is the dominant factor,and human activities intensify the deficit of water storage.Implementation of the east and west lakes divided and conquered will be better to achieve the objectives of protection of Lake Balkhash and to mitigate the overwhelming force upon the river runoff into the lake,and will effectively guarantee the water demand of the economic and social development in the basin.