旅游发展背景下侨乡地方意义的叠写与地方认同——以泉州市晋江梧林侨乡为例

运用质性研究方法，以泉州市晋江梧林侨乡为例，从地方意义叠写中的实体维度、社会关系、地方价值观3个层面考察侨乡地方意义叠写的建构特征，揭示了旅游发展背景下侨乡地方意义的叠写过程以及由此带来的包括海外华侨在内不同主体的地方认同问题。研究发现：1）人地错位下的意义叠写主要通过想象和旅游系统等传导机制完成，使侨乡呈现出海外华侨“形式上不在场”，但“内容上处处在场”的特征，并且推动梧林向传统与现代杂糅的地方格局转变。2）地方意义的叠写具有关系属性，多元互动是其形成过程中的显著特征。地方意义本质上是人地关系的一种表现形式，当人地关系不再由传统的地缘关系或亲缘关系决定时，人与地方这一对弱纽带关系也并不能够通过地方意义加以巩固，表现为“侨—眷—乡”关系的异化。3）在地方价值观上，侨乡地方意义经历了从家尺度到国家与民族尺度的意义叠写，凸显了旅游背景下权力对地方意义的选择性表征，动态展演了不同主体的空间价值观取向之争和国家主流文化价值观对地方的引领。4）旅游发展背景下侨乡地方意义叠写引发了海外华侨兼具工具性和选择性的“购物车”式认同以及本地居民的差异化认同，不同主体的认同结构充满张力、分异乃至冲突。

The Superposition of Place Meaning and Place Identity of Qiaoxiang in the Context of Tourism Development:A Case Study of Wulin,Jinjiang, Quanzhou

Using qualitative research methods and taking Wulin in Jinjiang, Quanzhou City as an example, this study investigated the construction characteristics of Qiaoxiang's place meaning superposition from three aspects: entity dimension, social relations and local values, and revealed the superposition process of the place meaning of Qiaoxiang under the background of tourism development and the resulting place identity problems of different subjects including overseas Chinese. The study found that: (1) The superposition of place meaning under the dislocation of man and land is mainly completed through transmission mechanisms such as imagination and tourism system, which makes the overseas Chinese "absent in form" but "present everywhere in content" in Qiaoxiang, and promotes the transformation of Wulin into a place pattern mixed with tradition and modernity. (2) The superposition of place meaning has the attribute of relationship, and multivariate interactions are the remarkable features during its formation. The place meaning is essentially a manifestation of the man-land relationship. When the man-land relationship is no longer determined by the traditional geographic relationship or kinship, the weak bond relationship between man and land cannot be consolidated by the place meaning, which is manifested as the alienation of the relationship of "overseas Chinese-family members-hometown". (3) In terms of local values, the place meaning of Qiaoxiang has experienced a meaning superposition from the home scale to the national and ethnic scales, highlighting the selective representation of power on the place meaning in the context of tourism, and dynamically displaying the controversy on the orientation of spatial values of different subjects and the guidance of the national mainstream cultural values to the local. (4) In the context of tourism development, the superposition of the place meaning of Qiaoxiang has triggered the instrumental and selective "shopping cart" identity of overseas Chinese and the differentiated identity of local residents, and the identity structure of different subjects is full of tension, differentiation and even conflict.