鉴定婴儿ABO血型的方法学比较

目的评估婴儿ABO血型的鉴定方法，找出一种更适宜的鉴定方法。方法采用微柱凝胶血型卡、抗人球蛋白卡和试管法对本院2009年10月～2010年1月60名婴儿全血标本做ABO血型鉴定，同时比较60名标本抗体检出率在血型和年龄分布中的差异。结果用微柱凝胶血型卡、抗人球蛋白卡和试管法鉴定时，正定型结果一致，反定型时，抗体检出率分别为70％、91．67％、81．67％，三种方法在婴儿抗体检出率中差异有统计学意义；在血型为A型、年龄小于4个月的婴儿中抗体检出率差异也有统计学意义。结论抗人球蛋白卡在检测弱抗体时灵敏度更高。

Comparison on the methods of identifying ABO blood group in infants

Objective To evaluate the methods of identifying ABO blood group in infants, and find a more appropriate method. Methods The ABO blood group of 60 infants＇ whole blood samples were identified from October 2009 to January 2010 in Union Hospital by gel microcolumn blood group assay, LISS/Coombs ID card assay and tube test. The differences of antibody detection rate of 60 samples in blood group and age distribution were compared. Results The forward identifying of the 3 methods was consistent, but for the backward identifying, the antibody detection rates were 70% ,91.67% and 81.67%. The detection rates by the 3 methods had statistical differences. It also had the statistical significance in blood group A and the age younger than 4 months. Conclusions The LISS/Coombs ID card assay is the most sensitive when the antibody is weak.