Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis at high current densities: Investigation of thermal limitations |
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| Affiliation: | 1. ZAE Bayern, Electrochemical Energy Storage, Walther-Meißner-Str. 6, 85748, Garching, Germany;2. Technical University of Munich, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chair of Electrical Energy Storage Technology, Karlstraße 45, 80333, Munich, Germany;1. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Pontoppidanstræde 101, 9220 Aalborg East, Denmark;2. IRD A/S, Odense, Denmark;1. State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;2. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China;3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China;4. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;1. Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-3: Electrochemical Process Engineering, 52425 Juelich, Germany;2. RWTH Aachen University, Germany;1. Institute of Thermal Engineering, School of Mechanical Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Flow and Heat Transfer of Phase Changing in Micro and Small Scale, Beijing, 100044, China |
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| Abstract: | In this work the thermal limitations of high current density proton exchange membrane water electrolysis are investigated by the use of a one dimensional model. The model encompasses in-cell heat transport from the membrane electrode assembly to the flow field channels. It is validated by in-situ temperature measurements using thin bare wire thermocouples integrated into the membrane electrode assemblies based on Nafion® 117 membranes in a 5 cm2 cell setup. Heat conductivities of the porous transport layers, titanium sinter metal and carbon paper, between membrane electrode assembly and flow fields are measured in the relevant operating temperature range of 40 °C – 90 °C for application in the model. Additionally, high current density experiments up to 25 A/cm2 are conducted with Nafion® 117, Nafion® 212 and Nafion® XL based membrane electrode assemblies. Experimental results are in agreement with the heat transport model. It is shown that for anode-only water circulation, water flows around 25 ml/(min cm2) are necessary for an effective heat removal in steady state operation at 10 A/cm2, 80 °C water inlet temperature and 90 °C maximum membrane electrode assembly temperature. The measured cell voltage at this current density is 2,05 V which corresponds to a cell efficiency of 61 % based on lower heating value. Operation at these high current densities results in three to ten-fold higher power density compared to current state of the art proton exchange membrane water electrolysers. This would drastically lower the material usage and the capital expenditures for the electrolysis cell stack. |
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| Keywords: | Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) High current density operation Thermal limitation Heat transport |
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