顺义区学龄前儿童行为问题与家庭环境关系的研究

目的了解北京市顺义区学龄前儿童行为问题流行现状,初探家庭环境因素对儿童行为问题的影响。方法采用整群随机分层抽样方法,于2017年4-6月对顺义区4所幼儿园1301名学龄前儿童采用Achenbach量表(CBCL)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)进行家长问卷调查。结果学龄前儿童行为问题检出率为14.8%(192/1301),男童检出率(16.9%)明显高于女童检出率(12.2%)(χ2=8.80,P=0.003)。行为问题组和对照组相比,男童在家庭环境的知识性(t=2.475,P=0.014)、娱乐性(t=2.340,P=0.021)方面差异有统计学意义,女童在家庭环境的矛盾性差异均有统计学意义(t=4.694,P=0.000);Logisitc回归分析结果显示矛盾性是儿童行为问题发生的危险因素(OR=1.154,P=0.004)。结论学龄前儿童行为问题受家庭环境影响存在性别差异,对不同性别的行为问题儿童应制定个性化和有效的防治措施。

Analysis of the relationship between family environment and behavioral problems in preschool children in Shunyi district

Objective To explore the prevalence and general characteristic of behavior problems among preschool children in Shunyi district,in order to understand the relationship between family environment and behavior problems. Methods Totally 1 301 preschool children were selected from 4 kindergartens in Shunyi district by a clustered-random sampling from April to June 2017. Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) and Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version(FES-CV) were used and filled out completed by parents. Results About 14.8% (192/1 301) of preschool children showed behavioral problems,in which 16.9% for boys and 12.2% for girls,and there was significant difference between boys and girls(χ²=8.80,P=0.003).Also,significant differences existed on intelligence(t=2.475,P=0.014)and recreation (t=2.340,P=0.021)in boys between behavioral problems group and control group. There was significant difference on conflict in girls between behavioral problems group and control group(t=4.694,P＜0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that conflict was an independent risk factor for behavioral problems(OR=1.154,P=0.004). Conclusions Behavioral problems of preschool children are affected by gender and family environment. It is supposed to make individual and effective measurements based on family environment and gender difference.