515名维吾尔族居民膳食模式与肥胖的关联性研究

目的 研究维吾尔族居民膳食模式与肥胖的关联性，为指导维吾尔族居民预防肥胖提供科学依据。方法 采用因子分析的方法，对515名维吾尔族居民膳食模式与肥胖的关联性进行分析。结果 通过因子分析，提取4种膳食模式：杂粮模式（杂粮、蔬菜、水果、禽肉、畜肉等）、坚果模式（坚果、奶类、蛋类、畜肉、油脂等）、主食模式（大米、面食、蛋类、茶水、盐等）和高脂模式（油脂、茶水、盐、畜肉、蛋类等）；主食模式和高脂模式高分位组的肥胖发生率均高于低分位组，差别具有统计学意义（均有P<0.001）；而杂粮模式高分位组的肥胖发生率低于低分位组（χ²=32.48，P<0.001）。Logistic回归分析显示，调整相关混杂因素后，主食模式肥胖的患病风险增加（OR=2.49，95% CI：2.25~2.73，P=0.025）；高脂模式肥胖的患病风险增加（OR=3.06，95% CI：2.79~3.34，P=0.017）；杂粮模式肥胖的危险性降低（OR=0.62，95% CI：0.28~0.96，P=0.042）。结论 杂粮模式与肥胖呈负相关，而主食模式与高脂模式和肥胖间呈正相关。为了预防肥胖，建议维吾尔族居民减少油脂和肉类摄入，多选择富含膳食纤维的杂粮膳食模式。

Study on the correlation between dietary patterns and obesity in 515 Uygurs subjects

Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity in Uygur residents and to provide a scientific basis for preventing obesity.Methods A total of 515 Uygur residents were included.Factor analysis method was used to study the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity.Results Four dietary patterns were identified:grains pattern (food grains other than wheat and rice,vegetables,fruits,meat,poultry,etc);nut pattern (beans and nut,milk and milk products,eggs,meat,fats and oils,etc);staple pattern (rice,wheat,eggs,tea,salt,etc);high-fat pattern (fats and oils,tea,salt,meat,eggs,etc).The prevalence of obesity for the staple and high-fat pattern's highest tertile was higher than the lowest (all P ＜ 0.001),and the prevalence of obesity for the grains pattern's highest tertile was lower than the lowest.(x2 =32.48,P ＜ 0.001);Mter adjustment for relevant confounders the results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the staple pattern could increase the risk of obesity (OR =2.49,95％ CI:2.25-2.73,P =0.025),the high-fat pattern could increase the risk of obesity (OR =3.06,95％ CI:2.79-3.34,P =0.017),and the grains pattern could reduce the risk of obesity (OR =0.62,95 ％ CI:0.28-0.96,P =0.042).Conclusions The grains pattern is inversely associated with obesity risk;staple and high-fat pattern are positively associated with obesity risk.In order to prevent obesity,people should reduce fat and meat intake and choose grains dietary patterns that rich in dietary fiber.