巨噬细胞与间充质干细胞相互作用及其对缺血性心脏病的影响

心肌梗死发生后，缺血及周边区域发生的炎症反应贯穿了心肌组织修复及纤维化的始终。巨噬细胞作为炎症反应的重要组分，在心肌损伤后的修复过程中至关重要。不同亚型的巨噬细胞参与了心肌梗死的各个阶段，并发挥着吞噬凋亡细胞、促进血管新生、促进瘢痕形成等多种作用。移植间充质干细胞也因具有免疫调控、旁分泌心肌保护等多种效应，被广泛用于缺血性心衰的研究中。近年来研究发现，巨噬细胞和间充质干细胞在治疗缺血性心脏病中有着密切联系，间充质干细胞可减少促炎型巨噬细胞在炎症部位的募集，并诱导巨噬细胞由促炎型向抗炎型转化，从而促进心肌修复。而巨噬细胞可影响间充质干细胞的生存、增殖、迁移及免疫调控等功能，从而改变其心肌修复效果。本文就巨噬细胞与间充质干细胞相互影响及其在缺血性心脏病中的作用与应用前景进行综述。

Interaction between macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells and their role in ischemic heart disease

The inflammatory reaction in ischemia and surrounding areas occurs throughout myocardial tissue repair and cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction. As an important component of inflammatory response, macrophages play an important role in the repair process after myocardial injury. Different subtypes of macrophages participate in all stages of myocardial infarction and play a variety of roles in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, promotion of angiogenesis, and promotion of scar formation. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been widely used in the study of ischemic heart failure because of its immune regulation, paracrine myocardial protection and other effects. In recent years, it has been found that there is a close relationship between macrophages and MSCs in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. MSCs can promote myocardial repair by reducing the recruitment of proinflammatory macrophages at inflammatory sites and inducing macrophages to transform from M1 to M2. Macrophages can change the effect of myocardial repair by affecting the survival, proliferation, migration and immune regulation of MSCs. This article reviews the interaction between macrophages and MSCs and their role and application prospect in ischemic heart disease.