从第25次南极科考论穿越西风带航线选择

进出南极航行最险的一段是穿越西风带,根据西风带的天气选择正确的航线对于科考航行安全具有重要的意义。在中国第25次南极科考航次(2008-2009)中雪龙号四次穿越西风带。根据本次科考穿越西风带资料和过去航行经验,分析了四次穿越西风带的天气和航线选择,研究了南印度洋西风带天气形势与航线选择。主要结论:(1)西风带航线选择的关键是对气旋的发展和移动做出准确的分析和预报;(2)南印度洋东部天气形势可概括为纬向型(平直型)、高压脊型和槽前型三种天气型,通常高压脊型适合穿越,槽前型不大适合穿越,纬向型(平直型) 介于两者之间;(3)穿越西风带的航法有两种:按习惯航线斜穿和南北向垂直穿越。其中,垂直穿越对于去程很适合,对于回程作用相对有限;(4)在实际航行中,需根据航线特点和天气形势等实际情况选择航线和航法。

THE ROUTE SELECTION FOR R/V XUELONG’S CROSSING THE WESTERLY BELT BASED ON THE 25TH CHINESE NATIONAL ANTARCTIC RESEARCH EXPEDITION

The most dangerous section of the Antarctic voyage is crossing the Westerly Belt. It is of great significance to select the right route for the safety of the scientific research Navigation according to the weather of the Westerly Belt. R/V Xuelong had crossed the Westerly Belt four times during the 25th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition( CHINARE2008—2009). Based on the data of this navigation and the past experience, The weather and route selection in the Westerly Belt is analyzed, and the weather Situation and route selection in the South-East Indian Ocean is studied. The main conclusions are:(1)the key to ship weather routing in the Westerly Belt is making correct Analysis and forecasting about the cyclone development and movement; (2)the weather Situation of South-East Indian Ocean can be summarized as three kinds of weather pattern, Namely zonal type(flat type),high-pressure ridge type and trough frontage type. The high-pressure ridge type is suitable for crossing, the trough frontage type is not Suitable for crossing, the zonal type lies in between; (3)there are two navigation methods of crossing the Westerly Belt, namely customary route and the north-south vertical route. The vertical route is suitable to forward voyage, but has relative limitation for the return voyage. (4)In the actual voyage, the route should be selected based on the actual route features, weather situation and other factors.