Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA;2. School of Public Administration, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA;3. Doctoral Program in Public Affairs, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA;1. University College London, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK;2. University of Leeds, School of Geography, Leeds, UK;1. Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St. 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA;2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA;3. Department of Biostatistics, The University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA;1. Spatial Planning and Transportation Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, School of Engineering, Aalto University, Finland;2. Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Finland;3. Juvenia – Youth Research and Development Centre, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Finland;4. Active Life Lab, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland;5. School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;6. Research and Innovation Services, Aalto University, Finland;1. Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;2. Institute of Child Health, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria;3. Department of Epidemiology and Social Science, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai China;4. Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities. |
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| Keywords: | Neighborhoods Adolescents Depression Anxiety Mental health Health disparities |
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