均相催化体系对CO2与环氧化物耦合反应的研究进展

二氧化碳(CO₂)是造成温室效应的主要因素,同时也是集储量丰富、无毒和可再生等优点的C1资源。其与环氧化物的耦合反应具有高的原子经济性,产物环状碳酸酯作为高极性、低挥发性和良好生物降解性溶剂,可广泛应用于萃取剂、医药中间体和聚合物单体等研究方向。本文首先对CO₂与环氧化物耦合反应发生的机理进行了分析,然后鉴于均相催化体系易制备、高活性等优点,重点从设计思路、催化参数、催化效率等方面,系统综述了催化该耦合反应的不同均相催化体系。最后,总结了为实现均相催化体系可长久发展所必须逾越的阻碍和后续研究方向,希望能够为探索新型、高催化性能的催化体系提供一定的参考价值。

Research advance of homogeneous catalytic system for coupling reaction between CO2 with epoxides

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the main factor causing the greenhouse effect, and it is also a C1 resource with the advantage of abundant reserves, non-toxic and renewable, etc. Its coupling reaction with epoxides has high atomic economy, and the product cyclic carbonate as a solvent with high polarity, low volatility and good biodegradability, it can be widely used in the research of extractants, pharmaceutical intermediates and polymer monomers, etc. In this paper, the mechanism of coupling reaction between CO₂ with epoxides is firstly analyzed, and in view of the advantages of homogeneous catalytic system such as easy preparation and high activity, the different homogeneous catalytic systems that catalyze the coupling reaction were systematically reviewed from the aspects of design ideas, catalytic parameters and catalytic efficiency. Finally, the obstacles that must be overcome and follow-up research direction are summarized for the sustainable development of homogeneous catalytic system, which hope to provide certain reference value for exploring new catalytic systems with high catalytic performance.