覆膜血管内支架置入治疗降主动脉穿通性溃疡

目的总结覆膜血管内支架置入治疗降主动脉穿通性溃疡的临床经验和疗效.方法2002年8月至2006年2月,14例降主动脉穿通性溃疡,均为男性,平均年龄60.2岁（34～79岁）.临床除1例无症状外,其余病例均有不同程度的胸腹痛;3例伴有咯血;11例有高血压病史.术前行CT增强或MRI扫描确诊.局麻下切开一侧股动脉,在DSA监测下行覆膜血管内支架置入治疗.结果共置入16枚支架,全部成功,2例患者分别用2枚支架.Talent支架11枚,Aegis支架5枚.支架直径32 mm～38 mm,较近端正常主动脉直径大10%～20%.即刻造影示12例封堵完全,2例少量造影剂外溢.平均随访17.2月（1～42月）,复查CT示：溃疡及假性动脉瘤消失,2例壁内血肿基本吸收.1例术后1个月支架远端形成假性动脉瘤破裂死亡.结论降主动脉穿通性溃疡可发展为壁内血肿、局部夹层、假性动脉瘤及破裂,临床需积极治疗.覆膜血管内支架置入术是一种安全、有效的方法,尤其是对外科手术风险大、死亡率高的患者意义更大.

Endovascular stent-graft repair for penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the descending aorta

Objective To summarize the clinical experience and effectiveness of endovascular stent-graft placement for the treatment of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer of the descending thoracic aorta. Methods From August 2002 to February 2006, 14 patients with penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer accepted endovascular stent-grafts placment. All patients were men, their average age was 60 years. The clinical symptoms included thoracalgia or notalgia or celiodynia (n=13) and hemoptysis (n=3). 11 patients had hypertension. All patients were diagnosed by CT or MRI scans. Via the cutdown on a femoral artery at local anesthesia, the stent-graft was placed after completion angiography. Then DSA examine was repeated. X-ray and EBCT or MDCT scans were performed at follow-up. Results 16 Stent-grafts were successfully placed in 14 patients, in which 2 cases were placed with two stent-grafts respectively. There were Talent stent-grafts (n=11) and Aegis stent-grafts (n=5). The diameter of endovascular stent-graft ranged 32 mm to 38 mm exceeding by 10%~20% of aortic diameter of anchoring zone. Instant angiography revealed no endoleak in 12 patients, minor endoleak in 2 patients. Within the follow-up average 17.2 months, CT scans demonstrated the disappearances of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer or exclusion of aortic psuedoaneurysm in all patients, and absorption of intramural hematoma in two patients. One patient died of rupture of aortic psuedoaneurysm after one month. Conclusion Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer can leads to intramural hematoma, dissection, aneurysmal dilatation, pseudoaneurysm, or aortic rupture. Therefore it should be treated once diagnosed. Endovascular stent-graft placement may be an effective treatment for penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, especially in patients with poor condition.