炸药晶体结构形态调控——研究进展及发展建议

炸药晶体的结构形态是决定其安全、力学、相容性、长贮性、起爆、爆轰等性能和用途的本质要素。针对现用高能炸药的特点和不足,设计和调控炸药晶体结构形态以提升炸药性能,进而改进和拓展炸药用途已成为含能材料发展的一个重要方向。本文主要分析和总结了炸药的多晶型、颗粒形貌、晶体品质和聚集结构等晶体结构形态特征的结晶控制原理和方法的研究发展状况,并重点分析讨论了高品质降感炸药、球形炸药、微纳多级结构炸药等新型结构炸药的晶体结构特征、主要性能和应用前景。结合当前炸药结晶存在的主要问题,基于炸药晶体工程思想给出了相应的发展建议,期望为炸药的生产、加工和应用提供指导。

Research Progress and Suggestion for the Modification of the Explosive Crystal Characteristics

Explosive crystal characteristics essentially influence physic-chemical properties, functions and applications, including safety, thermal stability and compatibility with other chemical substances, mechanical properties, initiation and detonation performances. Based on the properties and shortages of current high energy explosives, regulation and control of the explosive crystal characteristics to improve the performances of explosives and expand their applications has achieved increasing research attention and become a significant branch of energetic materials. This review summarized the current development of the control principle and process methods of explosive crystal characteristics including polymorph, crystal quality, particle shape and aggregated structure, and focused on the analysis and discussion of crystal characteristics, property and performance, and application and prospects of high quality reduced sensitivity explosive, explosive spherulite and explosive with hierarchical micro-nanostructure. Additionally, considering the current major problems, several developing suggestions based on explosive crystal engineering are proposed. All these investigations may guide the production, process and application of explosive.