法经济学释义及其辨析

在以往,由于所持的学科立场及研究视角的不同,对法经济学关注的学者们并没有就其学科性质、研究范围和研究方法取得一致的看法。以波斯纳为代表的主流学派把“法经济学”的学科性质定位于“法律的经济分析”,在研究范围上包括从反托拉斯法到法律和法学的各个领域,在研究方法上偏重新古典经济学的分析方法;而以麦乐怡为代表的非主流学派则把“法经济学”的学科性质定位于“经济、社会、哲学等比较分析”,在研究范围上纳入更多意识形态内容,在研究方法上强调经济、政治、社会判断方法的综合。主流学派凭借其研究方法上的“技术优势”,在过去40年间取得了巨大的成功。而非主流学派试图突破法经济学研究中“法律的经济分析”这种狭窄的分析框架,发展出一种新的思考法学与经济学的方法。这一发展趋势能否取得成功,主要取决于其研究方法和分析结论在多大程度上能显示出超过“法律的经济分析”。从根本上讲,法经济学理论是一个动态的开放的创造性过程。作为新兴的理论学科,法经济学还有待于进一步完善。

Law and Economics:Definition and Differentiation

Although the law and economics has already florished greatly,scholars are not in accordance with the disciplinary nature,research range,and research method of law and economics because of the differences of subject standpoints and the research view points.The mainstream school represented by Posner defines the disciplinary nature of "law and economics" as "economic analysis of law",from the antitrust laws to all fields of law and jurisprudence in research scope,and emphasizes the analytical methods of neo-classical economics in research methods.The non-mainstream school represented by Malloy defines the disciplinary nature of"law and economics"as"comparative analysis economically,socially,and philosophically",and if bring into more ideological content in research scope,and emphasizes the integration of economic,political,and social methods.The mainstream school has made great achievements by the"technical superiority"of its research methods over the past 40 years.But the mainstream school is trying to break through the narrow analysis framework of"economic analysis of law"in the research of law and economics,and develop a new method to think about the relations between jurisprudence and economics.Whether this trend can succeed or not depends largely on the extent of its research methods and conclusions superior to"economic analysis of law".Basically,the theory of law and economics is a creative process which is dynamic and open.As a new theoretical discipline,law and economics has yet to be further improved.