机车乘务员视觉功能测定

目的　了解机车乘务员视觉功能状况及其影响因素。方法　采用中心视力 (远视力和近视力 )、夜间视力、快速暗适应时间、视野和色觉等指标对 3 0 6名现职机车乘务员和 15 5名对照人员进行测定和比较。结果　观察组的中心视力明显高于对照组 (P<0 0 5 ) ;夜间视力和快速暗适应的异常率明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;视野和色觉与对照组比较无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。观察组按工龄分组后发现 ,中心视力、夜间视力和快速暗适应时间随着工龄的增长而衰退 ,且在 2 0年以上有一个较明显的衰退 (P <0 0 1)。多元回归分析提示 ,与视觉功能的相关程度 ,依次为年龄、工龄 ,且均呈负相关。结论　工龄 (年龄 )是视觉功能的主要影响因素 ,但对视野和色觉影响不大。

Visual function investigation among locomotive drivers

Objective To study the locomotive drivers' visual function status and its influencing factors.Methods 306 locomotive drivers and 155 controls were measured and compared by central vision(distant and near vision),night vision,dark adaptaion,visual field and color vision.Results Locomotive drivers' central vision was higher than that of the controls( P <0 05);the rate of abnormality of night vision and dark adaptation was lower than that of the controls( P <0 05);there was no remarkably difference in visual field and color vision( P >0 05) Central vision,night vision and dark adaptation were declining with the increasing of the length of service,and there was a significant decline after working upwards of 20 years( P <0 01) Multiple regressive analysis indicated that visual function was negatively related to age and length of service.Conclusion Length of service(age) was the major factors influencing visual function,but had little influence on visual field and color vision.