中国湿地资源及其保护研究

中国湿地类型多,包括《湿地公约》列出的全部湿地类型。另外还包括青藏高原湿地,共计38种。湿地面积大,据最新统计,总面积约7 969 ×104 hm2 ,包括人工湿地3 447 ×104 hm2 ,自然湿地4 522 ×104 hm2 ,居世界第三位。湿地中蕴藏有丰富的生物资源、泥炭资源、水资源,而其本身又是重要的土地资源。湿地在调节环境,保持小气候稳定,维持区域生态平衡等方面发挥重要作用,对改善我国生态环境和保障社会经济发展具有重要意义。但随着经济的发展,湿地资源面临严重的威胁。湿地面积不断减少,湿地珍稀动植物种类、数量不断下降,湿地污染、破坏严重。湿地资源到了必须加以重视和保护的时候。本文在全面研究中国湿地资源现状基础上,分析了湿地面临的主要威胁,最后提出湿地保护及其对策。意在加强湿地资源的保护与合理利用,使得湿地资源得以永续利用,造福于后世。

A STUDY ON WETLAND RESOURCES AND PROTECTION IN CHINA

Wetland in China,which has 38 types,including all listed in Ramsar Convention plus wetland of Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau,covers an area of 79 69 million hm 2;Among which natural wetlands,occupy 45 22 million hm 2 and artificial wetlands,34 47 million hm 2,ranking third place in the world.Wetland abounds in living things resources,peat resources and water resources and important land resources as well.It plays an essential role in adjusting environment,maintaining stable microclimate,regional ecological balance and sustainable economic development.However,with the development of economy,wetland resources have been seriously disturbed such as large scale reclamation,over hunting,industrial wastewater pollution,and species decrease of rare animals and plants.Wetland conservation has become a must.Based on status quo of wetland resources,this paper analyses the main threats to wetlands,problems of wetland protecrtion,and policies that should be formulated for future rational and sustainable utilization of the wetland resources.