膝关节半月板的三维断面解剖学研究

目的    观测膝关节半月板的断面形态特征和变化规律，为诊断膝部病变提供更为详尽的形态学资料。  方法    正常成人尸体膝关节片厚5 mm的连续断面标本27例，其中矢状断面标本9例，冠状断面标本12例，横断面标本6例。通过三维断面标本，观察膝关节半月板的断面形态特征。  结果    内侧半月板矢径（40.36±4.73）mm，横径（33.99±3.77）mm；外侧半月板矢径（34.51±2.18）mm，横径（34.51±　3.25）mm。内、外侧半月板前、后角厚度分别为（4.98±1.83）mm和（4.45±1.44）mm、（3.54±1.24）mm和（6.15±1.43）mm。半月板后角高度外侧大于内侧，外侧半月板后角高度大于前角。内侧半月板后角宽度大于前角。板股韧带出现率为75%。  结论    ①半月板前、后角部在矢状面上，体部在冠状面上显示最好，横断面可见半月板全貌。②由于内侧半月板与关节囊紧密相连，且后角宽度大于前角，致使其易受损伤。③外侧半月板后角高度大于内侧半月板后角及同侧前角，可能是导致外侧半月板后角较易受损的因素之一。

Three-dimensional sectional anatomy of the meniscus of knee joint

Objective　To provide the morphological basis for the imaging diagnosis of the meniscus by observation of the sectional anatomic properties of the meniscus. Methods　A total of 27 sides of adult genicular specimens were used，and 6 serial transverse，9 sagittal，12 coronal sections of 5mm in thickness were made respectively. The meniscus on three-dimensional section was observed.   Results　The radius vector of medial meniscus was (40.36±4.73)mm and the transverse diameter (33.99±3.77)mm; the radius vector of lateral meniscus was (34.51±2.18)mm and the transverse diameter (34.51±3.25)mm. The thickness of the anterior and posterior parts of the medial meniscus was (4.98±1.83)mm and (4.45±1.44)mm, and that of the lateral meniscus was (3.54±1.24) mm and (6.15±1.43)mm. The posterior horn's height of lateral meniscus was higher than that of medial meniscus. The posterior horn's height of lateral meniscus was higher than that of the anterior horn. The posterior horn's width of medial meniscus was higher than that of anterior horn. The incidence of meniscofemoral ligament was about 75%.   Conclusions　①The anterior and posterior parts of the meniscus can be better displayed in sagittal planes and the caudomedial parts can be observed better in coronal planes. The whole meniscus can be seen in transverse planes. ②The medial meniscus connects with articular capsule inseparably and the width of posterior horn is higher than that of anterior horn, so it's easy to be injured. ③The posterior horn's height of lateral meniscus was higher than that of medial meniscus and its anterior horn, therefore it would be one of the reasons that posterior horn of lateral meniscus be injured readily.