外来入侵物种对森林生态系统影响间接经济损失评估

外来入侵物种对森林生态系统影响间接经济损失主要是生态系统公益性服务功能降低所造成的经济损失，间接经济损失的大小与林分生长量的下降成正比。以森林资源清查资料和典型案例报道提供的数字为主要信息源，计算了2000年度外来入侵物种对森林生态系统影响间接经济损失。计算结果表明：外来病虫害对森林生态系统造成的间接经济损失为154．4343亿元／a。其中，松材线虫、松突圆蚧、湿地松粉蚧、红脂大小蠹、日本松干蚧等针叶虫害造成的损失为132．6407亿元／a，占85．89％；美国白蛾等阔叶虫害造成的损失为7．4290亿元／a，占4．81％；松针红斑病、松疱锈病、桉树青枯病等外来病害和其它虫害造成的损失为14．3646亿元／a．占9．30％。

Indirect Economic Loss Evaluation of Effect of Alien Invasive Species on Forest Ecological System

Indirect economic loss caused by alien invasive species on forest ecological system is mainly induced due to the decrease of public welfare function. The indirect economic loss is in proportion to the decrease of forest growth caused by alien invasive species. Based on the data from forest inventory and typical case studies, indirect economic loss caused by alien invasive species on forest ecological system is calculated. Annual indirect economic loss is 15 443.43 million yuan RMB. Annual loss caused by alien conifer insects, such as Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Hemiberlesia pitysophila, Oracella acutus, Dendroctonus valens and Matsucoccus matsumur is 13 264.07 million yuan RMB, comprising 85.89 per cent of the total loss, while annual loss cause by alien broad-leaved insects such as Hyphantria cunea is 742.90 million yuan RMB, comprising 4.81 per cent. Annual loss caused by alien fungus and other alien insects is 1 436.46 million yuan RMB, comprising 9.30 percent of total loss.