身体、身体观以及人文地理学对身体的研究

1970年代以来,伴随着消费主义和女权运动,身体研究在人文社会学科中兴起,一个被布莱恩·特纳（Bryan Turner）称之为“身体社会崛起”的时代来临了。身体研究成为西方人文与社会科学研究的“新大陆”,众多哲学家、社会理论学家纷纷投身于身体研究,重新解读了身体在认识世界和知识生产中的重要性。身体转向作为文化转向的一部分,同样受到了人文地理学家的关注。许多批判地理学家,如女性主义、马克思主义、反种族主义、后殖民主义、酷儿地理学家认为,身体研究是改善社会、文化、经济关系的可能途径。在“身体转向”的影响下,身体研究逐渐渗入到情感地理学、旅游地理学、乡村地理学等众多研究领域。与此同时,人文地理学家从人文社会科学中引入多种理论,如表演理论、精神分析法、非表征理论等对身体研究进行了探讨和阐释。基于这样的背景,梳理了西方人文地理学中有关身体研究的文献,归纳了人文地理学中身体研究的主要议题和理论,以及由此而展开的一系列具体的研究成果,此工作具有切实的学术意义并对后续相关研究的展开具有指导意义。

The body,the view of body,and the study of body in human geography

Since the 1970s, along with consumerism and the feminist movement, the body research rises in the humanities and social sciences, one era of "upsurge of body society", called by Brian Turner, has coming. Body research becomes the "New World" in the western humanities and social sciences. Many philosophers, social theorists have engaged in and explained the importance of the body in the understanding of the world and knowledge production. Turning to 'the body', as a part of the "cultural turn", sparks the concern of human geographers. Many critical human geographers, such as feminists, socialists, antiracists, post-colonialists, and queer geographers, focus on the body as one possible route to changing social, cultural, and economic relations for the better. Under the influence of "body turn", the body research gradually seeps into numerous research fields, such as emotional geography, tourism geography, and rural geography. At the same time, human geographers borrow a variety of theories, such as performance theory, psychoanalysis, and other non-representational theory from gender studies, phenomenology, anthropology and other social sciences and humanities, to discuss and explain the body. Against such a background, we review the concerned western literature in the Western human geography research for the first time in the mainland of China, classify the main topics and the concerned theories of the body research in the field of human geography and a series of related studies. This article contains really academic significance and practical value for the future research in this trend.