97例5~7岁儿童身体成分分析

目的:了解5~7岁儿童身体成分,比较正常儿童与肥胖儿童、男童与女童身体的脂肪组织、肌肉组织、骨密度、骨矿物质含量之间的差异。方法:对97例(男童49例,女童48例)5~7岁儿童,按照体重指数(BM I)分为正常组和脂肪超量/肥胖组,BM I≤18为正常,BM I>18为超重/肥胖。采用双能X射线骨密度仪(DXA),测量全身骨密度、骨矿物质含量、肌肉组织含量、脂肪组织含量及其百分比、躯干脂肪含量及其与全身脂肪含量的比值,并对其结果进行比较。结果:①正常组女童全身的脂肪含量、脂肪百分含量、躯干脂肪含量均明显高于男童,男童肌肉组织含量明显高于女童,差异有显著性(P<0.05);②脂肪超量/肥胖组男童与女童脂肪含量及肌肉组织含量差异无显著性(P>0.05);③骨密度、骨矿物质含量男女比较差异无显著性。结论:正常发育的儿童脂肪组织含量及肌肉组织含量男女之间存在差异,骨密度差异无显著性,运动对减少脂肪含量、增加肌肉含量有益,应鼓励儿童特别是女童增加户外活动。

Body component analysis of 97 children aged 5～7

Objective:To investigate the body component of children aged from 5 to 7,to compare the differences of the weight of musculature,fat,bone mineral element and the bone density in obese/non-obese kids and boys/girls.Methods:97 children(49 boys,48 girls) were divided into two groups according their body weight index(BMI).Those BMI higher than 18 belong to the obese group,and the others belong to the normal group.Dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DXA) was utilized to measure the weight of bone mineral element,musculature,fat and its percentage in the whole body,fat in the trunk and its ratio to the whole body,bone density,etc.Results:①The weight of fat in whole body and in trunk in girls of the normal group were significantly higher than that of the boys,while the weight of musculature were contrary exactly,the level was remarkable(P<0.05).②There were no obvious differences in the weight of musculature and fat between boys and girls in the obese group(P>0.05).③There were no obvious differences in the bone density and the weight of bone mineral element in all children.Conclusion:The weight of fat and musculature had significant differences between the normal growing boys and girls,but the bone density was almost the same.The physical exercises can help children reduce the content of fat and increase the content of musculature.Children,especially girls,should be encouraged to take part in more outdoor exercises.