年龄-龄期两性生命表及其在种群生态学与害虫综合治理中的应用

生命表是种群生态学与害虫治理的重要工具,由于传统雌性生命表无法正确描述昆虫的变态且忽略雄性个体,近年来国内外学者普遍采用年龄-龄期两性生命表。本文首先从昆虫种群的龄期分化、性比对种群增长的影响、总产卵前期与成虫产卵前期的差异、产卵期与产卵日数的差异4个方面概述了年龄-龄期两性生命表(age-stage, two-sex life table)的基本原理,进而阐明了基于bootstrap技术的生命表分析技术及其主要优点,然后介绍了年龄-龄期两性生命表各软件(TWOSEX-MSChart, CONSUME-MSChart, TIMING-MSChart)的主要用途,即预测种群的增长与防治适期、正确分析天敌的捕食率与害虫的取食量、预测天敌的种群增长与捕食潜能以及指导天敌的大量繁育。昆虫生命表作为一种强有力的分析技术,不仅在研究种群生态学和害虫治理方面已有广泛的应用,展望未来,这项技术还可以用于昆虫生理、抗药性、亚致死剂量、共生菌等方面的研究。

Age-stage,two-sex life table and its application in population ecology and integrated pest management

Life tables are the prime tool in population ecology and pest management. Because traditional female age-specific life tables are not capable of describing the stage differentiation and ignore males entirely, the age-stage, two-sex life table is being widely used by many scientists. In this article, we first overviewed the basic principles of the age-stage, two-sex life table, including the stage differentiation of insect populations, the effect of sex ratio on population growth, the difference between the total preoviposition period and adult preoviposition period, and the difference between the oviposition period and oviposition days. We then explained the advantages of life table analyses based on the bootstrap technique. Finally, we introduced the major applications of the computer programs (TWOSEX-MSChart, CONSUME-MSChart, and TIMING-MSChart), i.e., population projection and timing of pest management, correct analyses of the predation rate of predators and the consumption rate of pests, prediction of the population growth of predators and their predation potential, and guidance of mass-rearing and harvesting of natural enemies. As a powerful tool for data analysis, insect life tables have been extensively used in population ecology and pest managements. Looking forward to the future, we expect that they will be widely adopted in studies involving insect physiology, pesticide resistance, sublethal effect of pesticides, symbionts, etc.