矿业开发与环境保护关系综述

笔者介绍了我国矿业发展经历的3个阶段,归纳出我国矿业开发带来的矿山环境问题主要有:地面塌陷、占压破坏土地、改变地质构造、破坏水资源、污染水、污染土壤、污染大气、瓦斯爆炸及河床抬高等。分析了环境恶化的原因主要与区域地质环境条件、历史、经济技术、矿山企业和地方保护主义等因素有关。最后提出了防治矿山环境恶化的对策,对难以治理的地区以预防、避让为主,历史问题由政府和企业共同解决,落实“谁开发、谁保护;谁受益、谁治理;谁破坏、谁恢复”的生态环境保护新机制,加强监管,加强防治对策研究,走综合勘探、综合评价、综合开发、综合利用的发展道路。

Summarizing the relation between the development of mining and the protection of environment

This article introduced the three stages about the development of mining in our country. It concluded the main environment problems caused by the development of mining. The problems included surface collapse, destroying and occupying glebe, changing geological structure, destroying water resource, polluting atmosphere and soil, fire damp explosion, riverbed arising and so on. It also analyses the reason of environment deteriorate which mostly related with the background of the region s environment, history economy and technique,corporation of mining,region's safeguard creed and est. Finally,this article advanced the counterm easure about preventing the mining environment from deterioration,which included guarding against and evading the area which difficult to renovate,resolving the history problems by the government and the enterprise,carrying out new environment machine-made of"who exploit,who protect;who benefit,who renovate;who destroy,who renew";strengthening supervise and management,studying the measures of defending and renovating,carrying through the developing way of synthetically prospecting,synthetically evaluating,synthetically exploitation and synthetically utilizing.