聚丙烯/无机粉体/异形纤维复合材料的制备

以聚丙烯为聚合物基体,以纳米碳酸钙为无机组分,采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维,纤维截面形状分别为圆形、扁平形和三角形,通过熔融共混的方法制备了聚丙烯/纳米碳酸钙/异形纤维复合材料,并采用不同的改性剂对纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性,通过扫描电子显微镜观察了纳米碳酸钙的分散情况,重点分析了聚丙烯/纳米碳酸钙/异形纤维复合材料的结构与性能的关系。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂对碳酸钙表面有机化处理的效果好于硬脂酸;纤维截面形状不同对复合材料的增强效果也不同,其中比表面积最大的三角形纤维增强效果最佳;当纳米碳酸钙的含量为3%(质量分数,下同)(2%硅烷偶联剂处理)、三角形PET纤维的长径比为80、含量为2%(体积分数,下同)(4%硅烷偶联剂处理)时,制得的聚丙烯/纳米碳酸钙/异形纤维复合材料的屈服强度比纯聚丙烯提高近21%,弹性模量提高了约82%。

Preparation of Polypropylene/Inorganic Powder/Profiled Fibers Composites

Polypropylene(PP)/nano-CaCO3/profiled fibers composites were prepared via melt blending.The profiled fibers had cylindrical,flat,or triangular cross-sections.The structure of untreated and treated nano-CaCO3 was investigated and the dispersion condition was observed by means of SEM.It showed that silane coupling agent was better than stearic acid.Fibers with different cross-sections had different influence on the mechanical properties.The composite containing triangular fiber with the largest surface area was much better than others.When the mass fraction of nano-CaCO3 was 3 %(silane coupling agent was 2 %) and the volume fraction of triangular fibers was 2 %(coupling agent was 4 %),length/diameter(L/D) was 80,the yield strength and elastic modulus of the composites were increased by 21 % and 82 %,respectively.