戒烟干预对慢性气道疾病发病和预后的影响

目的：观察戒烟干预对慢性气道疾病发病和预后的影响。方法将145例吸烟的慢性气道疾病住院患者（包括COPD、哮喘、间质性肺疾病等）按照区组随机化法分为两组，干预组75例，非干预组70例。干预组除常规治疗外，采用5 A/5 R法进行戒烟干预，出院后继续给予戒烟支持；非干预组仅进行常规治疗，两组患者通过复诊或随访12个月，统计观察期内急性加重次数，并在入院时和观察期结束时进行COPD评估测试（CAT）及肺功能（FEV1％）检查。结果干预组患者的CAT终末值为（17．72±6．76）分，较初始值（19．08±6．53）分明显下降，差异有统计学意义（t＝-2．399，P＜0．05），FEV1％终末值为（59．19±11．19），较初始值（57．10±10．06）明显增大，差异有统计学意义（t＝2．192，P＜0．05）。非干预组患者的CAT终末值为（20．01±7．22）分，较初始值（18．79±6．12）分增大，差异有统计学意义（t＝2．764，P＜0．05），FEV1％终末值为（54．56±10．56），较初始值（59．06±9．89）降低，差异有统计学意义（t＝-3．038，P＜0．05）。结论戒烟干预可减轻慢性气道疾病患者的症状，延缓肺功能的下降，提高生活质量。

Effect of smoking cessation intervention on acute exacerbation and prognosis of chronic airway diseases

Objective To study the effect of smoking cessation intervention on acute exacerbation and the prognosis of chronic airway diseases .Methods A total of 145 current smokers with chronic airway diseases （ COPD, asthma and interstitial lung disease ） were randomly divided into two groups .The intervention group received smoking cessation interventions by 5A/5R method besides conventional treatment , and the control group only received conventional therapy .The follow-up study was done by 12 months after discharge .The number of acute exacerbation during the observation period and the COPD assessment test （ CAT） and pulmonary function of FEV1% were examined at admission and the end of the intervention period .Results In the intervention group, the terminal CAT score was （17.72 ±6.76）, which was significantly lower than the former score of （19.08 ±6.53） （t=-2.399, P〈0.05）.The terminal value of FEV1%was （59.19 ±11.19）, which was also significantly lower than the former score of （57.10 ±10.06） （t=2.192,P〈0.05）.In the control group, the terminal CAT score was （20.01 ±7.22）, which was significantly higher than the former score of （18.79 ± 6.12） （t =2.764,P 〈0.05）.The terminal value of FEV1% was （54.56 ±10.56）, which was also significantly lower than the former score of （59.06 ±9.89） （t=-3.038,P〈0.05）.Conclusions Smoking cessation intervention can relieve the symptoms of patients with chronic airway disease , and delay the decrease of lung function, and improve the patients ’ quality of life.