职业病患者心理健康状况与社会支持及应对方式的相关性研究

目的：探讨职业病患者心理健康相关因素与心理支持、应对方式的相关性，为提供系统的干预对策提供科学依据。方法应用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、应对方式问卷（CSQ）等对本院已确诊的87例职业病患者进行调查分析。结果职业病患者心理健康状况差，SCL-90各因子得分均高于全国常模，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）；获得的社会支持各因子均明显低于国内常模，差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）；职业病患者社会支持总分和客观支持、支持利用度因子与SCL-90总分及部分因子分呈负相关（ P＜0．05）；SCL-90部分因子得分与CSQ部分因子呈正相关或负相关（ P＜0．05），但与总体的成熟型或不成熟型应对方式无相关性；解决问题和成熟型的应对方式与主观支持和SSRS总分呈正相关（ P＜0．05）。结论在临床医疗实践中应给予职业病患者更多的社会支持与关心，帮助其调节心理状态、提高应对方式及维护身心健康。

Study on the correlation between mental health status and social support and coping style in patients with occupational diseases

Objective To explore the related factors on the mental health and the correlation between mental health status and social support and coping style in patients with occupational diseases in order to provide the scientific basis for making appropriate countermeasures to system intervention .Methods Eighty-seven patients with occupation diseases in our hospital were surveyed by the symptom checklist 90 （ SCL-90 ） , social support rating scale （SSRS）, coping style questionnaire （CSQ）.Results The mental health status of patients with occupational diseases was poor , and the scores of all factors on SCL-90 in patients were higher than the national norm, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）.The scores of all factors on social support in patients were significantly lower than the national norm , and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）.The scores of total SSRS, the factors on objective support and support utilization had negative correlation with the scores of total SCL-90 and the part factors in patients （P〈0.05）.The scores of the part factors on SCL-90 had positive or negative correlation with the scores of the part factors on CSQ （P〈0.05）, but had not relation with the mature or immature coping style in patients .The scores of problem solving and mature coping style had positive correlation with the scores of subjective support and the total SSRS in patients （ P〈0.05）.Conclusions The patients with occupation diseases should be given more social support and care in clinical practice , and we should help them adjust mental status and improve the coping style and maintenance of physical and mental health .