水旱栽培条件下水、陆稻品种产量和生理性状比较

选用来自日本、中国华北、东北、西北等地的早熟粳型水稻品种8个和陆稻品种7个，在盆栽保水、盆栽旱种和大田旱种3种栽培条件下，比较水稻品种和陆稻品种的穗长、穗粒重、实粒数、结实率、百粒重和株粒重等产量性状、叶片水势、叶片鲜重、气孔阻力、植株高度和叶片卷叶度等生理及其它地上部性状的差异。结果表明：旱种条件下水稻、陆稻产量都低于保水栽培的产量，水稻品种的抗旱系数（旱种产量／保水产量）低于陆稻；旱种下株高低于保水种植；陆稻品种的叶片水势均高于水稻品种，且叶片水势与抗旱系数密切相关；旱种条件下陆稻气孔阻力低于水稻品种，保水条件下并无规律性；品种间叶片鲜重差异不大，但陆稻品种稍大于水稻品种；陆稻的叶片卷叶度低于水稻。此外还提出苗期通过根系或旱种卷叶度，后期通过叶片水势鉴定水陆稻抗旱性的方法。

Comparison of Yield and Physiological Characters Between Upland Rice and Paddy Rice Cultivars Under Submerged and Rain-fed Conditions

Some yield and physiological characters, including panicle length, weight of panicle, kernel number per panicle, percent of seed setting, 100 kernel weight, weight of grain per plant, plant height, leaf water potential, flesh leaf weight, stoma resistance and degree of leaf rolling, were compared between a set of 8 paddy rice cultivars and a set of 7 upland rice cultivars. They are all early mature japonica type, which are come from Japan, Northeast China, North China and Northwest China respectively, and were cultivated under 3 different conditions, i.e. submerged in pot, rain fed in pot and rain fed in field. The results showed the yield of paddy and upland rice under submerged condition were higher than that under rain fed condition. Index of drought resistance (yield per plant under rain fed cultivation/yield per plant under submerged cultivation) of upland rice cultivars were higher than that of paddy rice cultivars. Plant height under rain fed condition were lower than that under submerged condition. Leaf water potential of upland rice cultivars were all higher than that of paddy rice cultivars, and there was a significant correlation between leaf water potential and index of drought resistance. Stoma resistance of upland rice cultivars was lower than that of paddy rice cultivars under rain fed condition, however there was no fixed trend if the two kinds of cultivars were cultivated under submerged condition. The difference in flesh leaf weight were not significant among cultivars, though the upland ones were little higher for upland rice cultivars. The degree of leaf rolling of upland rice cultivars were lower than that of paddy rice cultivars. In addition, an approach of drought resistant evaluation for upland and paddy rice cultivar is proposed, i.e., firstly investigating roots growth and degree of leaf rolling under rain fed condition during seedling period, then testing water potential of leaf in the later period.