长爪沙鼠发情周期规律与判定方法

目的 研究长爪沙鼠发情周期，揭示发情规律，优化判定方法。方法 连续18 d采集50只长爪沙鼠阴道上皮脱落细胞涂片，采用角化细胞计数法研究长爪沙鼠发情周期规律。比较瑞氏染色、HE染色和直接镜检判定发情周期4个时相的优缺点。结果 长爪沙鼠的发情周期有稳定型、不稳定型、假孕三种类型。其中稳定型占68.6%，发情周期为（106.3±35.0）h，可分为4个时相。4个时相角化细胞的比例分别为发情前期（13.5±7.8）%、发情期（86.7±9.9）%、发情后期（27.9±12.8）% 和发情间期（3.3±2.8）%。结论 角化细胞计数能准确地判定长爪沙鼠的发情周期及各个时相。直接镜检法能快速反映阴道脱落细胞的形态。

Determination of the estrus cycle phases of Mongolian gerbils and comparison of three staining methods

Objectives To investigate the estrus cycle in Mongolian Gerbils, to explore the mechanisms of their regularity, and to optimize the judgment criteria of estrus cycle phases. Methods Vaginal smears were consecutively taken from the gerbils for 18 d, and keratinocyte count was used to observe the vaginal exfoliative cytology under light microscope in 50 female gerbils. The advantages and disadvantages of Wright''s staining, HE staining and direct examination under light microscope in distinguishing the four phases of estrus cycle were compared. Results There were three types of estrus cycles is Mongolian Gerbils as stable form, unstable form and pseudopregnancy form. Among these, the stable form accounted for 68.6%. The estrus cycles lasted for (106.3±35.0) hours. Moreover, it could be distinguished into four phases. The proportion of cornified cells in the four phases were: proestrus (13.5±7.8)%, estrus (86.7±9.9)%, metoestrus (27.9±12.8)%, and intermediate stage (3.3±2.8)%. Conclusions Cornified cell count can be used to assess the estrus cycle and each phase correctly. Direct examination under light microscope is ideal for revealing the morphology of vaginal exfoliative cells rapidly. The study of estrus cycle in Mongolian Gerbils may provide a theoretical basis for superovulation, fertilization in vitro, embryo freezing, and biological purification and so on.