社区公园环境对漂族老人健康行为活动的影响研究

通过对典型漂族老人聚集城市——上海市的社区公园环境特征、漂族老人户外健康行为活动进行调查,从漂族老人健康行为特征出发,揭示出生理健康行为活动、心理健康行为活动、社交健康行为活动3种户外健康行为活动类型。基于漂族老人在户外活动过程中的环境需求,提出活动空间整体协调性、活动设施完善性、活动空间可达性、活动空间安全性、活动空间舒适性和活动空间景观美观性6种影响户外活动的社区公园环境特征。运用结构方程模型(SEM)量化统计方法,分析检验6种环境特征对漂族老人3种户外健康行为活动类型的空间影响程度。其中6种环境特征包含24种环境因子,3种户外健康行为活动类型包含9种活动因子。结果表明:漂族老人的生理健康行为活动和心理健康行为活动受活动空间舒适性影响最大,社交健康行为活动受活动空间可达性和活动空间安全性影响最大。通过定量分析影响社区公园漂族老人户外健康行为活动的空间环境特征,为社区公园绿地空间优化设计提供参考。

Study on the Influences of Community Park Environment on Health Behavior Activities of the Floating Elderly

This research investigates the environmental characteristics of community parks and outdoor health behavior activities of the floating elderly in Shanghai, a typical city with the floating elderly gathering. Based on the health behavior characteristics of the floating elderly, it reveals three types of outdoor health behavior activities, which are the physical health behavior activity, psychological health behavior activity and social health behavior activity. Based on their environmental needs in the process of outdoor activities, it further proposes six types of environmental characteristics of community parks that affect outdoor activities, which are the overall coordination of activity space, the perfection of activity facilities, the accessibility of activity space, the safety of activity space, the comfort of activity space and the landscape aesthetics of activity space. It adopts the structural equation model (SEM) to analyze and test the spatial influences of six types of environmental characteristics on three types of outdoor health behavior activities of the floating elderly. Six types of environmental characteristics contain 24 environmental factors, and three types of outdoor health behavior activities contain nine activity factors. The results show that the physical health behavior activity and psychological health behavior activity are most affected by the comfort of activity space, while the social health behavior activity is most affected by the accessibility and safety of activity space. Through quantitative analysis of the spatial environment characteristics that affect the outdoor health behavior activities of the floating elderly in community parks, this research provides reference for the optimization design of green space in community parks.